Serajevo there is a large entomological collection, including
the remarkable _Pogonus anophthalmus_, from the underground Karst caves.
The caves are rich in curious kinds of fish, _Paraphoxinus Gethaldii_,
which is unknown elsewhere, _Chondrostoma phoximus, Phoxinellus
alepidatus_ and others, which are caught and eaten by the peasantry. In
Herzegovina, although many of the high mountain tarns are unproductive,
the eel-fisheries of the Narenta are of considerable value.
Leech-gathering is a characteristic Bosnian industry. The streams of
both territories yield excellent trout and crayfish; salmon, sturgeon
and sterlet, from the Danube, are netted in the Save.

Forests.

5. _Flora._--Serajevo museum has a collection of the Bosnian flora,
representing over 3000 species; among them, the rare _Veronica crinita,
Pinus leucodermis, Picea omorica_ and _Daphne Blagayana_. About 50% of
the occupied territory is clothed with forest. "Bosnia begins with the
forest," says a native proverb, "Herzegovina with the rock"; and this
account is, broadly speaking, accurate, although the Bosnian Karst is as
bare as that of Herzegovina. Below the mountain crests, where only the
hardiest lichens and mosses can survive, comes a belt of large timber,
including many giant trees, 200 ft. high, and 20 ft. in girth at the
level of a man's shoulder. Dense brushwood prevails on the foothills.
There are three main zones of woodland. Up to 2500 ft. among the ranges
of northern Bosnia, the sunnier slopes are overgrown by oaks, the
shadier by beeches. Farther south, in central Bosnia, the oak rarely
mounts beyond the foothills, being superseded by the beech, elm, ash,
fir and pine, up to 5000 ft. The third zone is characterized by the
predominance, up to 6000 ft., of the fir, pine and other conifers. In
all three zones occur the chestnut, aspen, willow (especially _Salix
laurea_), hornbeam, birch, alder, juniper and yew; while the mountain
ash, hazel, wild plum, wild pear and other wild fruit trees are found at
rarer intervals. Until 1878 the forests were almost neglected;
afterwards, the government was forced to levy a graduated tax on goats,
owing to the damage they inflicted upon young trees, and to curtail the
popular rights of cutting timber and fir-wood and of pasturage. These
measures were largely successful, but in 1902 the export of oak staves
was discontinued owing to a shortage of supply.

6. _Agriculture._--In 1895, according to the agr