s from those of
Venice. At the same time a strip of territory in northern Bosnia was
ceded to Austria, which was thus able to control both banks of the Save.
This territory was restored to Turkey in 1739, at the peace of
Belgrade;[7] but in 1790 it was reoccupied by Austrian troops. Finally,
in 1791, the treaty of Sistova again fixed the line of the Save and Una
as the Bosnian frontier.

Moslem rebellions.

The reform of the Ottoman government contemplated by the sultan Mahmud
II. (1808-1839) was bitterly resented in Bosnia, where Turkish prestige
had already been weakened by the establishment of Servian autonomy under
Karageorge. Many of the janissaries had married and settled on the land,
forming a strongly conservative and fanatical caste, friendly to the
Moslem nobles, who now dreaded the curtailment of their own privileges.
Their opportunity came in 1820, when the Porte was striving to repress
the insurrections in Moldavia, Albania and Greece. A first Bosnian
revolt was crushed in 1821; a second, due principally to the massacre of
the janissaries, was quelled with much bloodshed in 1827. After the
Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29, a further attempt at reform was initiated
by the sultan and his grand vizier, Reshid Pasha. Two years later came a
most formidable outbreak; the sultan was denounced as false to Islam,
and the Bosnian nobles gathered at Banjaluka, determined to march on
Constantinople, and reconquer the Ottoman empire for the true faith. A
holy war was preached by their leader, Hussein Aga Berberli, a brilliant
soldier and orator, who called himself _Zmaj Bosanski_, the "Dragon of
Bosnia," and was regarded by his followers as a saint. The Moslems of
Herzegovina, under Ali Pasha Rizvanbegovic, remained loyal to the Porte,
but in Bosnia Hussein Aga encountered little resistance. At Kossovo he
was reinforced by 20,000 Albanians, led by the rebel Mustapha Pasha; and
within a few weeks the united armies occupied the whole of Bulgaria, and
a large part of Macedonia. Their career was checked by Reshid Pasha, who
persuaded the two victorious commanders to intrigue against one another,
secured the division of their forces, and then fell upon each in turn.
The rout of the Albanians at Prilipe and the capture of Mustapha at
Scutari were followed by an invasion of Bosnia. After a desperate
defence, Hussein Aga fled to Esseg in Croatia-Slavonia; his appeal for
pardon was rejected, and in 1832 he was banished for life