ave also coins with the names of the later Spartocids
and a singularly complete series of dated _solidi_ issued by the later
or Achaemenian dynasty; in them may be noticed the swift degeneration of
the gold _solidus_ through silver and potin to bronze (see also
NUMISMATICS).

See, for history, introduction to V.V. Latyshev, _Inscrr. orae
Septent. Ponti Euxini_, vol. ii. (St Petersburg, 1890); art.
"Bosporus" (2) by C.G. Brandis in Pauly-Wissowa, _Realencycl._ vol.
iii. 757 (Stuttgart, 1899); E.H. Minns, _Scythians and Greeks_
(Cambridge, 1907). For inscriptions, Latyshev as above and vol. iv.
(St Petersburg, 1901). Coins: B. Koehne, _Musee Kotschoubey_ (St
Petersburg, 1855). Religious Societies: E. Schurer in _Sitzber. d. k.
pr. Akad. d. Wissenschaft zu Berlin_ (1897), i. pp. 200-227.
Excavations: _Antiquites du Bosphore cimmerien_ (St Petersburg, 1854,
repr. Paris, 1892) and _Compte rendu_ and _Bulletin de la Commission
Imp. Archeologique de St. Petersbourg_. (E. H. M.)

BOSQUET, PIERRE FRANCOIS JOSEPH (1810-1861), French marshal, entered the
artillery in 1833, and a year later went to Algeria. Here he soon did
good service, and made himself remarkable not only for technical skill
but the moral qualities indispensable for high command. Becoming captain
in 1839, he greatly distinguished himself at the actions of Sidi-Lakhdar
and Oued-Melah. He was soon afterwards given the command of a battalion
of native _tirailleurs_, and in 1843 was thanked in general orders for
his brilliant work against the Flittahs. In 1845 he became
lieutenant-colonel, and in 1847 colonel of a French line regiment. In
the following year he was in charge of the Oran district, where his
swift suppression of an insurrection won him further promotion to the
grade of general of brigade, in which rank he went through the campaign
of Kabulia, receiving a severe wound. In 1853 he returned to France
after nineteen years' absence, a general of division. Bosquet was
amongst the earliest chosen to serve in the Crimean War, and at the
battle of the Alma his division led the French attack. When the
Anglo-French troops formed the siege of Sevastopol, Bosquet's corps of
two divisions protected them against interruption. His timely
intervention at Inkerman (November 5, 1854) secured the victory for the
allies. During 1855 Bosquet's corps occupied the right wing of the
besieging armies opposite the Mamelon and Malakov. He himself l