FREE BOOKS

Author's List




PREV.   NEXT  
|<   175   176   177   178   179   180   181   182   183   184   185   186   187   188   189   190   191   192   193   194   195   196   197   198   199  
200   201   202   203   204   205   206   207   208   209   210   211   212   213   214   215   216   217   218   219   220   221   222   223   224   >>   >|  
may pass, and the next player bids. Succeeding players may "overcall," _i.e_. overbid, previous bidders. Players passing may thereafter bid only "_miseres_." If a player bids seven but makes ten he is paid for the three extra tricks, but on a lower scale than if he had bid ten. If no bid should be made, a "_misere partout_" (general poverty) is often played, the trump being turned down and each player striving to take as few tricks as possible. Payments are made by each loser according to the value of the winner's bid and the overtricks he has scored. There are regular tables of payments. In America overtricks are not usually paid for. In French Boston the knave of diamonds arbitrarily wins over all other cards, even trumps. The names of the different bids remind one of the period of the American Revolution, including "Independence," "Philadelphia," "Souveraine," "Concordia," &c. Other variations of the game are _Boston de Fontainebleau_ and Russian Boston. BOSTONITE, in petrology, a fine-grained, pale-coloured, grey or pinkish rock, which consists essentially of alkali-felspar (orthoclase, microperthite, &c.). Some of them contain a small amount of interstitial quartz (quartz bostonites); others have a small percentage of lime, which occasions the presence of a plagioclase felspar (maenite, gauteite, lime-bostonite). Other minerals, except apatite, zircon and magnetite, are typically absent. They have very much the same composition as the trachytes; and many rocks of this series have been grouped with these or with the orthophyres. Typically they occur as dikes or as thin sills, often in association with nepheline-syenite; and they seem to bear a complementary relationship to certain types of lamprophyre, such as camptonite and monchiquite. Though nowhere very common they have a wide distribution, being known from Scotland, Wales, Massachusetts, Montreal, Portugal, Bohemia, &c. The lindoites and quartz-lindoites of Norway are closely allied to the bostonites. BOSTROM, CHRISTOFFER JACOB (1797-1866), Swedish philosopher, was born at Pitea and studied at Upsala, where from 1840 to 1863 he was professor of practical philosophy. His philosophy, as he himself described it, is a thoroughgoing rational idealism founded on the principle that the only true reality is spiritual. God is Infinite Spirit in whom all existence is contained, and is outside the limitations of time and space. Th
PREV.   NEXT  
|<   175   176   177   178   179   180   181   182   183   184   185   186   187   188   189   190   191   192   193   194   195   196   197   198   199  
200   201   202   203   204   205   206   207   208   209   210   211   212   213   214   215   216   217   218   219   220   221   222   223   224   >>   >|  



Top keywords:

Boston

 

quartz

 
player
 
philosophy
 

lindoites

 
overtricks
 

bostonites

 
felspar
 

tricks

 

minerals


nepheline
 

association

 

complementary

 

syenite

 

bostonite

 

lamprophyre

 

camptonite

 

maenite

 

gauteite

 

relationship


absent
 

monchiquite

 
grouped
 

series

 

trachytes

 
typically
 

zircon

 

composition

 

magnetite

 

orthophyres


Typically

 

apatite

 

Norway

 

idealism

 

rational

 
founded
 

principle

 

thoroughgoing

 

practical

 

professor


reality

 

limitations

 

contained

 

existence

 

spiritual

 
Infinite
 
Spirit
 

Montreal

 
Massachusetts
 

Portugal