nt Murray, was in 1581 created earl of Bothwell. He was lord
high admiral of Scotland, and was a person of some importance at the
court of James VI. during the time when the influence of the Protestants
was uppermost. He was anxious that Mary Stuart's death should be
avenged by an invasion of England, and in 1589 he suffered a short
imprisonment for his share in a rising. By this time he had completely
lost the royal favour. Again imprisoned, this time on a charge of
witchcraft, he escaped from captivity in 1591, and was deprived by
parliament of his lands and titles; as an outlaw his career was one of
extraordinary lawlessness. In 1591 he attempted to seize Holyrood
palace, and in 1593 he captured the king, forcing from him a promise of
pardon. But almost at once he reverted to his former manner of life,
and, although James failed to apprehend him, he was forced to take
refuge in France about 1595. He died at Naples before July 1614. This
earl had three sons, but his titles were never restored.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--See the article in the _Dict. of Nat. Biog._ and
authorities; _Les Affaires du comte de Boduel_ (written January 1568,
publ. Bannatyne Club, 1829); "Memoirs of James, Earl of Bothwell," in
G. Chalmers's _Life of Mary, Queen of Scots_ (1818); _Life of
Bothwell_, by F. Schiern (trans. 1880); _Pieces et documents relatifs
au comte de Bothwell_, by Prince A. Lobanoff (1856); _Appendix to the
Hist. of Scotland_, by G. Buchanan (1721); _Sir James Melville's
Memoirs_ (Bannatyne Club, 1827); _A Lost Chapter in the Hist. of Mary,
Queen of Scots_, by J. Stuart (1874); J.H. Burton's _Hist. of
Scotland_ (1873); A. Lang's _Hist. of Scotland_, ii. (1902);
_Archaeologia_, xxxviii. 308; _Cal. of State Papers, Foreign,
Scottish, Venetian_, vii; _Exchequer Rolls of Scotland_, xix. and xx.,
_Domestic, Border Papers_; _Hist. MSS. Comm., MSS. of Marq. of
Salisbury_, i. ii. See also MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS. (P. C. Y.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Cal. of State Papers, Scottish, i. 679._

[2] _Sir James Melville's Mem. 174._

[3] _Cal. of State Pap., Foreign, 1566-1568_, p. 212.

[4] _Hist. MSS. Comm._ Rep. ii. p. 177.

[5] _Cal. of State Pap., Scottish_, ii. 333.

[6] _Cal. of State Pap., Foreign, 1569-1571_, p. 372.

BOTHWELL, a town of Lanarkshire, Scotland. Pop. of town (1901) 3015; of
parish (1901) 45,905. The town lies on the right bank of the Clyde, 9 m.
E. S. E. of Glasgow by the