Maglaj, Zepce and Vranduk, on the Bosna; Bihac,
on the Una; Prijedor and Kljuc, on the Sana; and Stolac, Gabela,
Irebinje and Konjica, in Herzegovina. The bridge across the Narenta, at
Konjica, is said to date from the 10th century. A group of signs carved
on some rocks near Visegrad have been regarded as cuneiform writing, but
are probably medieval masonic symbols. In a few cases, such as the
Begova Dzamia at Serajevo, the Foca mosques and the Mostar bridge, the
buildings raised by the Turks are of high architectural merit. More
remarkable are the tombstones, generally measuring 6 ft. in length, 3 in
height and 3 in breadth, which have been supposed to mark the graves of
the Bogomils. These are, as a rule, quite unadorned, a few only being
decorated with rude has-reliefs of animals, plants, weapons, the
crescent and star, or, very rarely, the cross.

Formation of the Banate.

15. _History._--Under Roman rule Bosnia had no separate name or history,
and until the great Slavonic immigration of 636 it remained an
undifferentiated part of Illyria (q.v.). Owing to the scarcity of
authoritative documents, it is impossible to describe in detail the
events of the next three centuries. During this period Bosnia became the
generally accepted name for the valley of the Bosna (ancient
_Basanius_); and subsequently for several outlying and tributary
principalities, notably those of Soli, afterwards Tuzla; Usora, along
the south-eastern bank of the Save; Donji Kraj, the later Krajina,
Kraina or Turkish Croatia, in the north-west; and Rama, the modern
district of Livno. The old Illyrian population was rapidly absorbed or
expelled, its Latin institutions being replaced by the autonomous tribal
divisions, or _Zupanates_, of the Slavs. Pressure from Hungary and
Byzantium gradually welded these isolated social units into a single
nation, whose ruler was known as the Ban (q.v.). But the central power
remained weak, and the country possessed no strong natural frontiers. It
seems probable that the bans were originally viceroys of the Croatian
kings, who resumed their sovereignty over Bosnia from 958 to 1010.
Thenceforward, until 1180, the bans continued subject to the Eastern
empire or Hungary, with brief intervals of independence. The territory
now called Herzegovina was also subject to various foreign powers. It
comprised the principalities of Tribunia or Travunja, with its capital
at Trebinje; and Hlum or Hum, the Zachlumia of Consta