In Memoriam."

[81] "Le spiritualisme des Sofis, quoiqu'il soit le contraire du
materialisme, lui est en realite identique. Mais si leur doctrine n'est pas
plus raisonnable, elle est du moins plus elevee et plus poetique." Poesie
Philosophique et religieuse chez les Persans, par M. Garcin De Tassy, p. 2.

[82] Kaf--a chain of mountains supposed to encircle the earth.

[83] 'Anka--the Phoenix.

[84] "Ils pensent que la Bible et le Coran ont ete seulement ecrits pour
l'homme qui se contente de l'apparence des choses, qui s'occupe de
l'exterieur, pour le _zahir parast_, comme ils le nomment, et non pour le
sofi qui sonde le fond des choses." La Poesie Philosophique et religieuse
chez les Persans, par M. Garcin de Tassy, p. 13.

[85] The word Darvish, or Darwish, is of Persian origin. It is derived from
'dar,' a door, and 'wiz' the root of the verb 'awikhtan,' to hang; hence
the idea of hanging about doors, or begging. The 'z' is changed into 'sh'
and the word becomes 'Darwish.' Some Musalmans, however, do not like this
idea of holy men being called by a name which implies the habit of begging,
and so they propose another derivation. They derive it from "dur," a pearl,
and "wish," like; and so a durwish is one 'like a pearl.' The wish is from
wash, a lengthened form of wash, an affix of common use to express
similitude; or the long vowel in wash may by a figure of speech, called
Imala, be changed into the i of wish. I think the first derivation the more
probable. A good Persian dictionary, the Ghias-ul-Lugbat, gives both
derivations.

[86] For a very interesting account of this religious ceremony, see Hughes'
Notes on Muhammadanism, Chapter 51.

[87] La Poesie Philosophique et Religieuse chez les Persans, par M. Garcin
de Tassy, p. 7.

[88] Sufi doctrines of the Moolla Shah by Tawakkul Beg. Journal Asiatique
6me Serie, tom. 13.

[89] "That Omar in his impiety was false to his better nature we may
readily admit, while, at the same time, we may find some excuse for his
errors, if we remember the state of the world at that time. His clear
strong sense revolted from the prevailing mysticism where all the earnest
spirits of his age found their refuge, and his honest independence was
equally shocked by the hypocrites who aped their fervour and enthusiasm;
and at that dark hour of man's history whither, out of Islam, was the
thoughtful Muhammadan to repair? No missionary's step, bringing good
tidings, had appeared on the