her because they increase a man's
store by drawing down a blessing on him and produce in his soul the virtue
of liberality, or because they purify the remaining part of one's substance
from pollution and the soul from the filth of avarice; the latter are
called Sadqa because they are a proof of a man's sincerity in the worship
of God." Sale's Preliminary Discourse, Section iv.

[227] That is food or money sufficient to provide one meal for a poor
person.

[228] The technical term is 5 wasq. A wasq is equal to 60 sa', and a sa' is
equal to 8 ratal. A ratal is equal to 1 lb; so a wasq, a load for one
camel, is about 480 lb.

[229] Mosques are usually endowed. The property thus set apart is called
waqf. This supports the various officials connected with a Mosque.

[230] The two famous disciples of Imam Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad.

[231] This ceremony is called Al-Ihram (_i.e._, making unlawful), because
now various actions and pursuits must be abstained from. The ceremony of
doffing the pilgrim's garb is called Al-Ihlal (_i.e._, making lawful), for
now the pilgrim returns to the ordinary pursuits and joys of a life in the
world.

[232] This statement of names is taken from the Nur-ul-Hidayat p. 211, and
that of the distance from Hughes' Notes on Islam; but Burton speaks of Al
Zaribah, a place 47 miles distant from Mecca as a Miqat. It was there that
he assumed the Ihram. The explanation probably is that a Haji must not
approach nearer to Mecca without the Ihram than the places named in the
text. The farther from Mecca it is assumed, provided that it be during one
of the two months preceding Zu'l-Hajja, the more meritorious is the act.

[233] Talbiyah means the repetition of "Labbaik," a phrase equivalent to "I
am here." The Talbiyah can be said in any language, though Arabic is
preferred. It usually is as follows: "Labbaik, Allahumma, Labbaik! La
Sharika laka, Labbaik! Inna-l-hamda wa-n-ni'amata laka, w'-al-mulk! La
Sharika laka, Labbaik!

[234] "The object of these minute details is that the "Truce of God" may be
kept." The five noxious creatures, however, may be slain, _viz._, a crow, a
kite, a scorpion, a rat and a biting dog." (Burton).

[235] The Musjid-ul-Haram is the large Mosque in Mecca. The K'aba (cube) is
a square stone building in the centre. This is also called the Qibla. The
Hajr-ul-Aswad is the black stone fixed in the corner of the K'aba.

[236] It is said to have been rebuilt ten times. A