sses a thought, and in
its simplest form is the statement of a single fact. Thus,

_Galba is a farmer_
Galba est agricola
_The sailor fights_
Nauta pugnat

In each of these sentences there are two parts:

SUBJECT PREDICATE
_Galba_ _is a farmer_
Galba
_The sailor_ _fights_
Nauta pugnat

2. The subject is that person, place, or thing about which something
is said, and is therefore a _noun_ or some word which can serve the
same purpose.

_a._ Pronouns, as their name implies (_pro_, "instead of," and
_noun_), often take the place of nouns, usually to save repeating
the same noun, as, _Galba is a farmer; /he\ is a sturdy fellow_.

3. The predicate is that which is said about the subject, and consists
of a verb with or without modifiers.

_a._ A verb is a word which asserts something (usually an act)
concerning a person, place, or thing.

_20._ The Object. In the two sentences, _The boy hit the ball_ and
_The ball hit the boy_, the same words are used, but the meaning is
different, and depends upon the order of the words. The /doer\ of the
act, that about which something is said, is, as we have seen above, the
/subject\. /That to which something is done\ is the /direct object\ of
the verb. _The boy hit the ball_ is therefore analyzed as follows:

SUBJECT PREDICATE
/-----------\
_The boy_ _hit the ball_
(verb) (direct object)

_a._ A verb whose action passes over to the object directly, as in
the sentence above, is called a /transitive verb\. A verb which does
not admit of a direct object is called /intransitive\, as, _I walk_,
_he comes_.

_21._ The Copula. The verb _to be_ in its different forms--_are_,
_is_, _was_, etc.--does not tell us anything about the subject; neither
does it govern an object. It simply connects the subject with the word
or words in the predicate that possess a distinct meaning. Hence it is
called the /copula\, that is, _the joiner_ or _link_.

_22._ In the following sentences pronounce the Latin and name the
_nouns, verbs, subjects, objects, predicates, copulas_:

1. America est patria mea
_America is fatherland my_

2. Agricola filiam amat
_(The) farmer (his) daughter loves_

3. Filia est Iulia
_(His) daughter is Julia_

4. Iulia et agricola sunt in insula
_Julia