| |
| | | _in, the ladies_ | |
+-------+----------------+-------------------+-------------------------+

_58._ The Base. That part of a word which remains unchanged in
inflection and to which the terminations are added is called the base.

Thus, in the declension above, domin- is the base and -a is the
termination of the nominative singular.

_59._ Write the declension of the following nouns, separating the base
from the termination by a hyphen. Also give them orally.

/pugna\, /terra\, /luna\, /ancil'la\, /coro'na\, /in'sula\, /silva\

_60._ Gender. In English, names of living beings are either masculine
or feminine, and names of things without life are neuter. This is called
/natural gender\. Yet in English there are some names of things to which
we refer as if they were feminine; as, "Have you seen my yacht? _She_ is
a beauty." And there are some names of living beings to which we refer
as if they were neuter; as, "Is the baby here? No, the nurse has taken
_it_ home." Some words, then, have a gender quite apart from sex or real
gender, and this is called /grammatical gender\.

Latin, like English, has three genders. Names of males are usually
masculine and of females feminine, but _names of things have grammatical
gender and may be either masculine, feminine, or neuter_. Thus we have
in Latin the three words, /lapis\, _a stone_; /rupes\, _a cliff_; and
/saxum\, _a rock_. /Lapis\ is _masculine_, /rupes\ _feminine_, and
/saxum\ _neuter_. The gender can usually be determined by the ending of
the word, and _must always be learned_, for without knowing the gender
it is impossible to write correct Latin.

_61._ Gender of First-Declension Nouns. Nouns of the first declension
are feminine unless they denote males. Thus /silva\ is feminine, but
/nauta\, _sailor_, and /agricola\, _farmer_, are masculine.

_62._ EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 284.

I. 1. Agricola cum filia in casa habitat. 2. Bona filia agricolae cenam
parat. 3. Cena est grata agricolae[1] et agricola bonam filiam laudat.
4. Deinde filia agricolae gallinas ad cenam vocat. 5. Gallinae filiam
agricolae amant. 6. Malae filiae bonas cenas non parant. 7. Filia
agricolae est grata dominae. 8. Domina in insula magna habitat.
9. Domina bonae puellae parvae pecuniam dat.

II. 1. Where does the farmer live? 2. The farmer lives in the small
cottage. 3. Who lives with th