ERFECT STEM fu-

PERFECT
SINGULAR PLURAL
fu'i:, _I have been, I was_ fu'imus, _we have been, we were_
fuis'ti:, fuis'tis, _you have been, you were_
_you have been, you were_
fu'it, _he has been, he was_ fue:'runt _or_ fue:'re,
_they have been, they were_

PLUPERFECT (TENSE SIGN -era:-)
fu'eram, _I had been_ fuera:'mus, _we had been_
fu'era:s, _you had been_ fuera:'tis, _you had been_
fu'erat, _he had been_ fu'erant, _they had been_

FUTURE PERFECT (TENSE SIGN -eri-)
fu'ero:, _I shall have been_ fue'rimus, _we shall have been_
fu'eris, _you will have been_ fue'ritis, _you will have been_
fu'erit, _he will have been_ fu'erint, _they will have been_

1. Note carefully the changing accent in the perfect.

2. Observe that the pluperfect may be formed by adding /eram\, the
imperfect of /sum\, to the perfect stem. The tense sign is -era:-.

3. Observe that the future perfect may be formed by adding /ero\, the
future of /sum\, to the perfect stem. But the third person plural ends
in -erint, not in -erunt. The tense sign is -eri-.

4. All active perfects, pluperfects, and future perfects are formed on
the perfect stem and inflected in the same way.

_188._ DIALOGUE

THE BOYS TITUS, MARCUS, AND QUINTUS

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 289.

M. Ubi fuistis, Tite et Quinte?
T. Ego in meo ludo fui et Quintus in suo ludo fuit. Boni pueri fuimus.
Fuitne Sextus in vico hodie?
M. Fuit. Nuper per agros proximos fluvio properabat. Ibi is et
Cornelius habent navigium.
T. _Navigium_ dicis? Alii[1] narra eam fabulam!
M. Vero (_Yes, truly_), pulchrum et novum navigium!
Q. Cuius pecunia[2] Sextus et Cornelius id navigium parant? Quis iis
pecuniam dat?
M. Amici Corneli multum habent aurum et puer pecunia non eget.
T. Quo pueri navigabunt? Navigabuntne longe a terra?
M. Dubia sunt consilia eorum. Sed hodie, credo, si ventus erit
idoneus, ad maximam insulam navigabunt. Iam antea ibi fuerunt.
Tum autem ventus erat perfidus et pueri magno in periculo erant.
Q. Aqua vento commota est inimica nautis semper, et saepe perfidus
ventus navigia rapit, agit, deletque. Ii pueri, si non fuerint
maxime attenti, irata aqua et valido vento superabuntur et ita
interficientur.

[Footnote 1: Dative case. (Cf. Sec. 109.)]