ompound or complex sentence are
called _clauses_. In a complex sentence the independent statement is
called the _main clause_ and the dependent statement the
_subordinate clause._

_220._ Examine the complex sentence

_The Romans killed the men who were taken_

Here are two clauses:

_a._ The main clause, _The Romans killed the men_

_b._ The subordinate clause, _who were taken_

The word _who_ is a pronoun, for it takes the place of the noun _men_.
It also connects the subordinate clause _who were taken_ with the noun
_men_. Hence the clause is an _adjective clause_. A pronoun that
connects an _adjective clause_ with a substantive is called a _relative
pronoun_, and the substantive for which the relative pronoun stands is
called its _antecedent_. The relative pronouns in English are _who,
whose, whom, which, what, that_.

_221._ The relative pronoun in Latin is /qui:\, /quae\, /quod\, and it
is declined as follows:

SINGULAR PLURAL
MASC. FEM. NEUT. MASC. FEM. NEUT.
Nom. qui: quae quod qui: quae quae
Gen. cuius cuius cuius quo:rum qua:rum quo:rum
Dat. cui cui cui quibus quibus quibus
Acc. quem quam quod quo:s qua:s quae
Abl. quo: qua: quo: quibus quibus quibus

1. Review the declension of /is\, Sec. 114, and note the similarity in
the endings. The forms /qui:\, /quae\, and /quibus\ are the only forms
showing new endings.

NOTE. The genitive /cuius\ and the dative /cui\ are pronounced
_c[oo]i'y[oo]s_ (two syllables) and _c[oo]i_ (one syllable).

_222._ The Relative Pronoun is translated as follows:[1]

MASC. AND FEM. NEUT.
Nom. _who, that_ _which, what, that_
Gen. _of whom, whose_ _of which, of what, whose_
Dat. _to_ or _for whom_ _to_ or _for which_, _to_ or _for what_
Acc. _whom, that_ _which, what, that_
Abl. _from_, etc., _whom_ _from_, etc., _which_ or _what_

[Footnote 1: This table of meanings need not be memorized. It is
inserted for reference when translating.]

_a._ We see from the table above that /qui:\, when it refers to a
person, is translated by some form of _who_ or by _that_; and that
when it refers to anything else it is translated by _which, what_,
or _that_.

_223._ Note the following sentences:

_The Romans kille