_does he love?_ /est\, _he is_; /estne\?
_is he?_ Of course /-ne\ is not used when the sentence contains
/quis\, /cu:r\, or some other interrogative word.

[Footnote A: An _adverb_ is a word used to modify a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb; as, She sings _sweetly_; she is
_very_ talented; she began to sing _very early_.]

_48._ The Ablative Case. Another case, lacking in English but found in
the fuller Latin declension, is the _ab'la-tive._

_49._ When the nominative singular ends in -a, the ablative singular
ends in -a: and the ablative plural in -i:s.

_a._ Observe that the final -a of the nominative is short, while the
final -a: of the ablative is long, as,

Nom. filia
Abl. filia:

_b._ Observe that the ablative plural is like the dative plural.

_c._ Form the ablative singular and plural of the following nouns:
/fuga\, /causa\, /fortuna\, /terra\, /aqua\, /puella\, /agricola\,
/nauta\, /domina\.

_50._ The Ablative Relation. The ablative case is used to express the
relations conveyed in English by the prepositions _from_, _with_, _by_,
_at_, _in_. It denotes

1. That from which something is separated, from which it starts, or of
which it is deprived--generally translated by _from_.

2. That with which something is associated or by means of which it is
done--translated by _with_ or _by_.

3. The place where or the time when something happens--translated by
_in_ or _at_.

_a._ What ablative relations do you discover in the following?

In our class there are twenty boys and girls. Daily at eight
o'clock they come from home with their books, and while they are
at school they read with ease the books written by the Romans.
By patience and perseverance all things in this world can be
overcome.

_51._ Prepositions. While, as stated above (Sec. 41), many relations
expressed in English by prepositions are in Latin expressed by case
forms, still prepositions are of frequent occurrence, but only with the
accusative or ablative.

_52._ RULE. Object of a Preposition. _A noun governed by a preposition
must be in the Accusative or Ablative case._

_53._ Prepositions denoting the ablative relations _from, with, in, on_,
are naturally followed by the ablative case. Among these are

a:[1] or ab, _from, away from_
de:, _from, down from_
e:[1] or ex, _from, out from, out of_
cum, _with_
in, _