|Exports from the | Rate of Duty | Equivalent |
| |United Kingdom to| estimated | Rate of Duty |
| | all Countries | Equivalent. | _ad valorem_.|
| | in 1902. | | |
+-------------------------+-----------------+--------------+--------------+
|Cotton manufactures-- | | | Per Cent. |
| Piece goods, unbleached| 2.01d. per yd. |0.87d. per yd.| 43 |
| " " bleached | 2.46d. " |1.09d. " | 44 |
| " " printed | 2.68d. " |1.31d. " | 49 |
| " " dyed, &c. | 3.46d. " |1.31d. " | 38 |
|Cotton thread for sewing | 26.89d. per lb. |3.81d. per lb.| 15 |
|Cotton yarn-- | | | |
| Grey | 10.49d. " |0.98d. " | 9 |
| Bleached or dyed | 11.23d. " |1.63d. " | 15 |
+-------------------------+-----------------+--------------+--------------+

The duties are not prohibitive--they are much less than those of the
United States at the same time--but they are heavy on the classes of
goods which come into competition with home-made goods. The general
principle of the tariff is to treat easiest commodities which are made
with least success at home, or are in the highest degree raw material
for a home manufacture. Therefore yarns are not taxed very heavily,
and of these the finest counts escape with slight discouragement.

In the cotton industry, as well as in numerous other industries of
Germany, almost feverish activity was shown after the Franco-German
War. Previously great advance had been made, but it was not until the
last quarter of the 19th century that Germany forced herself into the
first rank. As measured by the annual consumption of cotton the German
industry increased as follows:--

_Metric Tons of Cotton per Annum._

(In Thousands.)
1836-1840 9
1856-1860 46
1876-1880 124
1886-1890 201
1899-1903 324

It must be remembered that the spindles and looms of Alsace and
Lorraine were reckoned as German after the war: they amounted in 18