g ends of fibres must be burned off. Thus: each thread
from a creel is drawn over a tension rod to two freely mounted
pulleys, having parallel grooves cut in their surfaces and axes in the
same horizontal plane. After bending a thread forward and backward in
the grooves of both pulleys, it passes through a Bunsen flame and is
coiled upon a tube, which is held against the face of a rotating drum,
while a vibrating guide distributes the thread across the tube. The
gas-burner is situated midway between the grooved pulleys, and so
mounted beneath the thread that it will automatically swivel sideways
and thus move the flame away from a stationary thread. Winding begins
slightly before the flame moves beneath a thread, and the rapid motion
of the latter permits the flame to burn off undesirable matters
without injuring the thread.

_Reeling_.--Doubled or gassed yarn may be wound upon warpers' bobbins
and made into warps for the loom, or it may be reeled into hanks for
the preparing and finishing processes. But a reel hanks yarns for
bleaching, dyeing, printing, polishing and bundling, and is adapted
for cops, ring spools, doubling bobbins or cheeses. From cops, ring
spools and cheeses the yarn is usually drawn over one end, but flanged
bobbins are mounted upon spindles and the yarn is drawn from the side.
A reel has a circumference of 54 in., and after making 80 or 560
revolutions it automatically stops; the first gives a lea of 120 yds.
and the last a hank of 840 yds. For grant reeling, however, a hank may
be from 5000 to 10,000 yds. long. Reeling is of two kinds, namely,
open and crossed. Open reeling forms lease, and seven of these are
united in one hank by a lease band which retains the divisions. In
cross reeling a thread is traversed over a portion of the reel surface
by a reciprocating guide to form a hank without divisions. On the
completion of a set of hanks the reel is made to collapse and thus
facilitate the removal of the yarn.

_Bundling Press_.--Hanks are made into short or long bundles, each
weighing 5 or 10 lb. In short bundles it is usual to form groups of
ten hanks, and these are twisted together, folded and compressed into
bundles; but in long bundles the hanks are compressed without being
folded. A press consists of a strong table upon which a box, with open
ends, is formed. The bottom of this box is grooved transversely and
made to r