African highlands as aiding the migration of plants, 524
African reptiles absent from Madagascar, 418
Aggressive power of the Scandinavian flora, 511
Air and water, properties of, in relation to climate, 131
_Alectoraenas pulcherrimus_, 429
Allen, Mr. J. A., on variation, 58
Allied species occupy separate areas, 478
Alpine plants, their advantages as colonisers, 503
Alternations of climate in Switzerland and North America, 121
Alternations of climate, palaeontological evidence of, 119
Amazon, limitation of species by, 18
_Amblyrhynchus cristatus_, 279
American genera of reptiles in Madagascar, 417
Amphibia, dispersal of, 76
of the Seychelles, 432
introduced, of Mauritius, 435
of New Zealand, 483
Amphioxus, 63
Amphisbaenidae, 28
_Amydrus Tristramii_, restricted range of, 16
_Anas Wyvilliana_, 314
Ancient continental islands, 244, 411
Ancient glacial epochs, 169
what evidence of may be expected, 175
Ancient groups in Madagascar, 419
Andersson, N. J., on the flora of the Galapagos, 287
Andes, migration of plants along the, 520
_Angraecum sesquipedale_, 440
Animal life, effects of glacial epoch on, 117
Animal life of Formosa, 401
_Anoa depressicornis_, 456
Antarctic continent as a means of plant-dispersion, 521
Antarctic islands, with perpetual snow, 136
Antelopes, overlapping genera of, 29
Antiquity of Hawaiian fauna and flora, 328
of land-shells, 79
of New Zealand, 526
of plants as affecting their dispersal, 82
_Apera arundinacea_, 503
_Apium graveolens_ in New Zealand, 515
Apteryx, species of, 476
_Arabis hirsuta_ on railway arch, 514
Archaic forms still existing, 229
Arctic and Antarctic regions, contrasts of, 135
Arctic current, effects of a stoppage of, 150
Arctic plants in the southern hemisphere, 509
Arctic regions, mild climates of, 181
recent interglacial mild period in, 182
Arctic warm climates of Secondary and Palaeozoic times, 201
Areas of distribution, 13
separate and overlapping, 17, 28
Ascension, former climate and productions of, 303
Astronomical and geographical causes, comparative effects of, on climate,
207
Astronomical causes of change of climate, 126
of glaciation, 140
Atlantic isles, peculiar mosses of, 368
Atlantosaurus, the largest land-animal, 98
_Atriplex patula_ on a railway bank, 515
Auchenia, 27
Austen, Mr. Godwin, on littoral she