oximately correct, and are
very interesting. The following table which summarizes these results is
taken from his Lectures on Physical Geography (p. 344):--

_______________________________________________________________________
| | | Present | Miocene | |
| |Latitude.|Temperature.|Temperature.|Difference.|
|_____________________|_________|____________|____________|___________|
| 1. Switzerland | 47d.00 | 53d.6 F | 69d.8 F | 16d.2 F |
| 2. Dantzig | 54d.21 | 45d.7 ,, | 62d.6 ,, | 16d.9 ,, |
| 3. Iceland | 65d.30 | 35d.6 ,, | 48d.2 ,, | 12d.6 ,, |
| 4. Mackenzie River | 65d.00 | 19d.4 ,, | 48d.2 ,, | 28d.8 ,, |
| 5. Disco (Greenland)| 70d.00 | 19d.6 ,, | 55d.6 ,, | 36d.0 ,, |
| 6. Spitzbergen | 78d.00 | 16d.5 ,, | 51d.8 ,, | 35d.3 ,, |
| 7. Grinnell Land | 81d.44 | 1d.7 ,, | 42d.3 ,, | 44d.0 ,, |
|_____________________|_________|____________|____________|___________|

It is interesting to note that Iceland, which is now exposed to the full
influence of the Gulf Stream, was only 12deg.6 F. warmer in Miocene times,
while Mackenzie River, now totally removed from its influence was 28deg
warmer. This, as well as, the greater increase of temperature as we go
northward and the polar area becomes more limited, is quite in accordance
with the view of the causes which brought about the Miocene climate which
is here advocated.

[78] The objection has been made, that the long polar night would of itself
be fatal to the existence of such a luxuriant vegetation as we know to have
existed as far as 80deg N. Lat., and that there must have been some
alteration of the position of the pole, or diminution of the obliquity of
the ecliptic, to permit such plants as magnolias and large-leaved maples to
flourish. But there appears to be really no valid grounds for such an
objection. Not only are numbers of Alpine and Arctic evergreens deeply
buried in the snow for many months without injury, but a variety of
tropical and sub-tropical plants are preserved in the hot-houses of St.
Petersburg and other northern cities, which are closely matted during
winter, and are thus exposed to as much darkness as the night of the Arctic
regions. We have besides no proof that any of the Arctic trees or large
shrubs were evergreens, and the darkness would certainly not be prejudical
to deciduous