ds and their probable character, 152
Interglacial periods will not occur during an epoch of extreme
glaciation, 155
Interglacial climates never very warm, 159
Ireland, poverty of, in reptiles, 339
in plants, 339
peculiar fishes of, 342
plants of, not found in Great Britain, 364
Islands, classification of, 242
importance of, in study of distribution, 241
remote, how stocked with plants and animals, 261
submerged between Madagascar and India, 425
Isle of Wight, peculiar beetle of, 351
_Isatis tinctoria_, on railway bank, 513
Ithaginis, 26

J.
Japan, zoological features of, 393
mammalia of, 394
birds of, 396
birds peculiar to, 398
birds in distant areas, 399
Japan and Formosa, 391
Java, fauna of, 382
Asiatic species in, 384
Java and Borneo, past changes of, 385
Jays, distribution of species of, 20
of Europe and Japan, 67
Jeffreys, Dr. Gwyn, on shallow-water mollusca in chalk, 92
on fossil shallow-water shells in deep water, 337
Jones, Mr., on migration of birds to Bermuda, 268
on vegetation of the Bermudas, 272
Juan Fernandez, flora and fauna of, 287
Judd, Prof. J. W., on absence of glaciation in east Europe, 139
on glaciation of the Alps produced by elevation, 179
_Juniperus barbadensis_, 272
Jura, travelled blocks on, 110
Jurassic warm Arctic climate, 202

K.
Keeling Islands, animals of, 286
Kirk, Mr. T., on temporary introduced plants, 515
Knowledge of various kinds required for study of geographical
distribution, 7, 9

L.
_Lagopus scoticus_, 340
Land as a barrier to ocean-currents, 150
{557}
Land and sea, changes of, 83
how changes of, affect climate, 148, 150
Land and water, disproportion of, renders globe habitable, 209
Land-birds of Celebes, list of, 466
Land-connection, how far necessary to dispersal of mammals, 73
Land-shells, great antiquity of, 79
universal distribution of, 79
causes favouring the abundance of, 79
of the Azores, 256
of Bermuda, 270
of the Galapagos, 284
of St. Helena, 304
of the Sandwich Islands, 316
of the Seychelles, 434
_Laurus canariensis_, 260
Leguat on animals of Bourbon, 435
on the Solitaire, 436
Leguminosae, abundance of, in Australia, 490
"Lemuria," a supposed submerged continent, 422-426
Lemurs in Madagascar, 416
Lendenfeld, Dr. R. von, on glac