n the Revolution broke out he remained true to his royalist and
Catholic teaching. From 1793 he organized a rebellion in the Morbihan
against the revolutionary government. It was quickly suppressed and he
thereupon joined the army of the revolted Vendeans, taking part in the
battles of Le Mans and of Savenay in December 1793. Returning to Morbihan,
he was arrested, and imprisoned at Brest. He succeeded, however, in
escaping, and began again the struggle against the Revolution. In spite of
the defeat of his party, and of the fact that he was forced several times
to take refuge in England, Cadoudal did not cease both to wage war and to
conspire in favour of the royalist pretenders. He refused to come to any
understanding with the government, although offers were made to him by
Bonaparte, who admired his skill and his obstinate energy. From 1800 it was
impossible for Cadoudal to continue to wage open war, so he took altogether
to plotting. He was indirectly concerned in the attempt made by Saint
Regent in the rue Sainte Nicaise on the life of the First Consul, in
December 1800, and fled to England again. In 1803 he returned to France to
undertake a new attempt against Bonaparte. Though watched for by the
police, he succeeded in eluding them for six months, but was at length
arrested. Found guilty and condemned to death, he refused to ask for pardon
and was executed in Paris on the 10th of June 1804, along with eleven of
his companions. He is often called simply Georges.

See _Proces de Georges, Moreau et Pichegru_ (Paris, 1804, 8 vols. 8vo); the
_Memoires_ of Bourrienne, of Hyde de Neuville and of Rohu; Lenotre,
_Tournebut_ (on the arrest); Lejean, _Biographie bretonne_; and the
bibliography to the article VENDEE.

CADRE (Fr. for a frame, from the Lat. _quadrum_, a square), a framework or
skeleton, particularly the permanent establishment of a military corps,
regiment, &c. which can be expanded on emergency.

CADUCEUS (the Lat. adaptation of the Doric Gr. [Greek: karukeion], Attic
[Greek: kerukeion], a herald's wand), the staff used by the messengers of
the gods, and especially by Hermes as conductor of the souls of the dead to
the world below. The caduceus of Hermes, which was given him by Apollo in
exchange for the lyre, was a magic wand which exercised influence over the
living and the dead, bestowed wealth and prosperity and turned everything
it touched into gold. In its oldest form it was a rod ending in two prongs
t