Domenico contains a good fresco (Madonna and saints) by
Giovanni Santi, the father of Raphael. The citadel of the 15th century,
constructed by Francesco di Giorgio Martini of Siena, is on the S.E. of the
modern town. Cagli occupies the site of an ancient _vicus_ (village) on the
Via Flaminia, which seems to have borne the name Cale, 24 m. N. of
Helvillum (mod. _Sigillo_) and 18 m. S.W. of Forum Sempronii (mod.
_Fossombrone_). Below the town to the north is a single arched bridge of
the road, the arch having the span of 381/4 ft. (See G. Mochi, _Storia di
Cagli_, Cagli, 1878.) About 5 m. to the N.N.W. of Cagli and 21/2 m. W. of the
Via Flaminia at the mod. _Acqualagna_ is the site of an ancient town; the
place is now called _piano di Valeria_, and is scattered with ruins.
Inscriptions show that this was a Roman _municipium_, perhaps Pitinum
Mergens (_Corp. Inscr. Lat._ xi. [Berlin, 1901] p. 876). Three miles north
of Acqualagna the Via Flaminia, which is still in use as the modern
high-road, traverses the Furlo Pass, a tunnel about 40 yds. long, excavated
by Vespasian in A.D. 77, as an inscription at the north end records. There
is another tunnel at lower level, which belongs to an earlier date; this
seems to have been in use till the construction of the Roman road, which at
first ran round the rock on the outside, until Vespasian cut the tunnel. In
repairing the modern road just outside the south entrance to the tunnel, a
stratum of carbonized corn, beans, &c., and a quantity of burnt wood,
stones, tiles, pottery, &c., was found under and above the modern road, for
a distance of some 500 yds. This debris must have belonged to the castle of
Petra Pertusa, burned by the Lombards in 570 or 571 on their way to Rome.
The castle itself is mentioned by Procopius (_Bell. Goth._ ii. 11, iii. 6,
iv. 28, 34). Here also was found the inscription of A.D. 295, relating to
the measures taken to suppress brigandage in these parts. (See APENNINES.)

See A. Vernarecci in _Notizie degli Scavi_, 1886, 411 (cf. _ibid._ 227);
_Corp. Inscr. Lat._ (Berlin, 1901), Nos. 6106, 6107.

(T. AS.)

CAGLIARI (anc. _Carales_), the capital of the island of Sardinia, an
archiepiscopal see, and the chief town of the province of Cagliari, which
embraces the southern half of the island. It is 270 m. W.S.W. of Naples,
and 375 m. south of Genoa by sea. Pop. (1900) of town, 48,098; of commune,
53,057. It is finely situated at the northern extremity of the Gulf