es of Rome and Naples,
whither he now hastened. At Rome he married a beautiful but unprincipled
woman, Lorenza Feliciani, with whom he travelled, under different names,
through many parts of Europe. It is unnecessary to recount the various
infamous means which he employed to pay his expenses during these journeys.
He visited London and Paris in 1771, selling love-philtres, elixirs of
youth, mixtures for making ugly women beautiful, alchemistic powders, &c.,
and deriving large profits from his trade. After further travels on the
continent he returned to London, where he posed as the founder of a new
system of freemasonry, and was well received in the best society, being
adored by the ladies. He went to Germany and Holland once more, and to
Russia, Poland, and then again to Paris, where, in 1785, he was implicated
in the affair of the Diamond Necklace (_q.v._); and although Cagliostro
escaped conviction by the matchless impudence of his defence, he was
imprisoned for other reasons in the Bastille. On his liberation he visited
England once more, where he succeeded well at first; but was ultimately
outwitted by some English lawyers, and confined for a while in the Fleet
prison. Leaving England, he travelled through Europe as far as Rome, where
he was arrested in 1789. He was tried and condemned to death for being a
heretic, but the sentence was commuted to perpetual imprisonment, while his
wife was immured in a convent. He died in the fortress prison of San Leo in
1795.

The best account of the life, adventures and character of Giuseppe Balsamo
is contained in Carlyle's _Miscellanies_. Dumas's novel, _Memoirs of a
Physician_, is founded on his adventures; see also a [v.04 p.0947] series
of papers in the _Dublin University Magazine_, vols. lxxviii. and lxxix.;
_Memorial, or Brief for Cagliostro in the Cause of Card. de Rohan_, &c.
(Fr.) by P. Macmahon (1786); _Compendio della vita e delle gesta di
Giuseppe Balsamo denominato il conte di Cagliostro_ (Rome, 1791); Sierke,
_Schwarmer und Schwindler zu Ende des XVIII. Jahrhunderts_ (1875); and the
sketch of his life in D. Silvagni's _La Corte e la Societa Romana nei
secoli XVIII. e XIX._ vol. i. (Florence, 1881).

(L. V.*)

CAGNIARD DE LA TOUR, CHARLES (1777-1859), French engineer and physicist,
was born in Paris on the 31st of March 1777, and after attending the Ecole
Polytechnique became one of the _ingenieurs geographiques_. He was made a
baron in 1818, and died in Paris on