ations were in progress, but the action quickly
became general. Its result was, as before, the complete dissolution of
the defending army. Lima, incapable of defence, was occupied by the
invaders on the 17th, and on the 18th Callao surrendered. The
resistance of the Peruvians was so far broken that Chile left only a
small army of occupation to deal with the remnants of their army. The
last engagement took place at Caxacamara in September 1882, when the
Peruvians won an unimportant success.

See T.B.M. Mason, _The War on the Pacific Coast, 1879-1881_ (U.S.
Office of Naval Intelligence, Washington, 1883); Captain Chateauminois
(transl.), _Memoire du Ministre de la Guerre du Chili sur la guerre
Chilo-Peruvienne_ (1882); Barros Arana, _Hist. de la guerre du
Pacifique_ (1884); Sir W. Laird Clowes, _Four Modern Naval Campaigns_
(London, 1902); Anon., _Precis de la guerre du Pacifique_ (Paris,
1886); Clements R. Markham, _The War between Peru and Chile_.

CHILIASM (from Gr. [Greek: Chiliasmos, Chilioi], a thousand), the belief
that Christ will return to reign in the body for a thousand years, the
doctrine of the Millennium (q.v.).

CHILLAN, a city and the capital of the province of Nuble, in the
southern part of central Chile, 35 deg. 56' S., 71 deg. 37' W., 246 m. by
rail S.S.W. of Santiago and about 56 m. direct (108 by rail) N.E. of
Concepcion. Pop. (1895) 28,738; (1902, official estimate) 36,382.
Chillan is one of the most active commercial cities of central Chile,
and is surrounded by a rich agricultural and grazing country. Chillan
was founded by Ruiz de Gamboa in 1594. Its present site was chosen in
1836. The original site, known as Chillan Viejo, forms a suburb of the
new city. The hot sulphur springs of Chillan, which were discovered in
1795, are about 45 m. E.S.E. They issue from the flanks of the "Volcan
Viejo," about 7000 ft. above sea-level. The highest temperature of the
water issuing from these springs is a little over 135 deg. The principal
volcanoes of the Chillan group are the Nevado (9528 ft.) and the Viejo.
After a repose of about two centuries the Nevado de Chillan broke out in
eruption early in 1861 and caused great destruction. The eruption ceased
in 1863, but broke out again in 1864.

CHILLIANWALLA, a village of British India in the Punjab, situated on the
left bank of the river Jhelum, about 85 m. N.W. of Lahore. It is
memorable as the scene of a battle