n north
during winter; recent droughts affecting agriculture; deforestation

_*_People
_#_Population: 3,810,616 (July 1991), growth rate 3.6% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 49 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 13 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 110 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 54 years male, 58 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 7.1 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun--Togolese (sing. and pl.); adjective--Togolese

_#_Ethnic divisions: 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe,
Mina, and Kabye; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese

_#_Religion: indigenous beliefs about 70%, Christian 20%,
Muslim 10%

_#_Language: French, both official and language of commerce; major
African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye
in the north

_#_Literacy: 43% (male 56%, female 31%) age 15 and over can
read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: NA; agriculture 78%, industry 22%; about 88,600 wage
earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of
population of working age (1985)

_#_Organized labor: one national union, the National Federation of
Togolese Workers

_*_Government
_#_Long-form name: Republic of Togo

_#_Type: republic; one-party presidential regime

_#_Capital: Lome

_#_Administrative divisions: 21 circumscriptions (circonscriptions,
singular--circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs),
Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari),
Dapaong (Tone), Kante (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Kpagouda (Binah),
Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou),
Notse (Haho), Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Tchaoudjo,
Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo); note--the 21 units may now be called
prefectures (prefectures, singular--prefecture) and reported name
changes for individual units are included in parentheses

_#_Independence: 27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French
administration, formerly French Togo)

_#_Constitution: 30 December 1979, effective 13 January 1980

_#_Legal system: French-based court system

_#_National holiday: Liberation Day (anniversary of coup), 13 January
(1967)

_#_Executive branch: president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee
Nationale)

_#_