ber
1990), 2,608.6 (1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3 (1988), 857.2 (1987),
674.5 (1986), 522.0 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications
_#_Railroads: 8,401 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 479 km electrified

_#_Highways: 49,615 km total; 26,915 km bituminous; 16,500 km gravel
or crushed stone; 4,000 km improved earth; 2,200 km unimproved earth
(1985)

_#_Inland waterways: about 1,200 km

_#_Pipelines: 1,738 km crude oil; 2,321 km refined products;
708 km natural gas

_#_Ports: Iskenderun, Istanbul, Mersin, Izmir

_#_Merchant marine: 340 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,583,720
GRT/6,220,642 DWT; includes 8 short-sea passenger,
1 passenger-cargo, 190 cargo, 1 container, 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo,
3 refrigerated cargo, 1 livestock carrier, 37 petroleum, oils, and
lubricants (POL) tanker, 9 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 7
combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 72 bulk, 4 combination bulk

_#_Civil air: 39 major transport aircraft (1990)

_#_Airports: 115 total, 109 usable; 64 with permanent-surface runways;
3 with runways over 3,659 m; 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 26 with
runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: fair domestic and international systems; trunk
radio relay network; 3,400,000 telephones; stations--15 AM; 45 (60
repeaters) FM; 67 (504 repeaters) TV; satellite communications
ground stations operating in the INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean) and EUTELSAT
systems; 1 submarine telephone cable

_*_Defense Forces
_#_Branches: Land Forces, Navy (including Naval Air and Naval
Infantry), Air Force, Coast Guard, Gendarmerie

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 14,861,358; 9,083,559 fit for
military service; 606,871 reach military age (20) annually

_#_Defense expenditures: $5.6 billion, 5% of GDP (1990)
_%_
_@_Turks and Caicos Islands
(dependent territory of the UK)
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 430 km2; land area: 430 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly less than 2.5 times the size of
Washington, DC

_#_Land boundaries: none

_#_Coastline: 389 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Climate: tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and
relatively dry

_#_Terrain: low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps

_#_Natural resources: spiny lobster, conch

_#_Land use: arable land 2%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures;
0%; forest and woodland 0%; ot