soybeans, coffee,
tea, bananas) and animal products other 50%; since 1989 self-sufficient
in food staple rice; fish catch of 943,100 metric tons (1989 est.)

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-74), $3.1
billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-88), $2.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $61 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $12.0 billion

_#_Currency: new dong (plural--new dong); 1 new dong (D) = 100 xu

_#_Exchange rates: new dong (D) per US$1--7,530 (May 1991),
7,280 (December 1990), 3,996 (March 1990), 2,047 (1988), 225 (1987),
18 (1986), 12 (1985); note--1985-89 figures are end of year

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications
_#_Railroads: 3,059 km total; 2,454 1.000-meter gauge, 151 km
1.435-meter standard gauge, 230 km dual gauge (three rails), and 224 km
not restored to service

_#_Highways: about 85,000 km total; 9,400 km bituminous, 48,700 km
gravel or improved earth, 26,900 km unimproved earth

_#_Pipelines: 150 km, refined products

_#_Inland waterways: about 17,702 km navigable; more than 5,149 km
navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 meter draft

_#_Ports: Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City

_#_Merchant marine: 87 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 364,596
GRT/539,174 DWT; includes 2 short-sea passenger, 69 cargo, 4 refrigerated
cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 8 petroleum, oils,
and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 bulk; note--Vietnam owns 11 cargo ships
(1,000 GRT or over) totaling 106,759 DWT under the registry of Panama and
Malta

_#_Civil air: controlled by military

_#_Airports: 100 total, 100 usable; 50 with permanent-surface runways;
10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: 35,000 telephones in Ho Chi Minh City (1984);
stations--16 AM, 1 FM, 2 TV; 2,300,000 TV sets; 6,000,000 radio
receivers; at least 2 satellite earth stations, including 1 Indian Ocean
INTELSAT

_*_Defense Forces
_#_Branches: Army, Navy (including Marines and Naval Infantry), Air
Force

_#_Manpower availability: males 15-49, 16,260,120; 10,377,105 fit for
military service; 809,617 reach military age (17) annually

_#_Defense expenditures: $NA, 19.4% of GNP (1986 est.)
_%_
_@_Virgin Islands
(territory of the US)
_*_Geography
_#_Total area: 352 km2; land area: 349 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Washington