continue to provide difficulties for a country undergoing a
substantial transformation from a centrally controlled to a free market
economy. The government has launched a multimillion-dollar development
program in the southeastern region, which includes the building of a
dozen dams on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to generate electric power
and irrigate large tracts of farmland. The planned tapping of huge
additional quantities of Euphrates water has raised serious concern in
the downstream riparian nations of Syria and Iraq.

_#_GDP: $178.0 billion, per capita $3,100; real growth rate 7.6%
(1990)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 60.3% (1990)

_#_Unemployment rate: 10.4% (1990 est.)

_#_Budget: revenues $27.6 billion; expenditures $34.4 billion,
including capital expenditures of $6.6 billion (1991)

_#_Exports: $11.8 billion (f.o.b., 1989);

commodities--industrial products 78%, crops and livestock
products 20%;

partners--FRG 18%, Italy 8%, Iraq 8%, US 8%, UK 5%, France 4%

_#_Imports: $16.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989);

commodities--crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, metals,
pharmaceuticals, dyes, plastics, rubber, mineral fuels, fertilizers,
chemicals;

partners--FRG 15%, US 11%, Iraq 10%, Italy 7%, France 6%, UK 5%

_#_External debt: $42.8 billion (June 1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 5.9% (1989 est.); accounts
for 32% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 14,315,000 kW capacity; 41,000 million kWh produced,
720 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite,
copper, boron minerals), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP and employs majority of
population; products--tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets,
pulses, citrus fruit, variety of animal products; self-sufficient in
food most years

_#_Illicit drugs: one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate
products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy
cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $2.3
billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $8.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $665 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $4.5 billion

_#_Currency: Turkish lira (plural--liras); 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100
kurus

_#_Exchange rates: Turkish liras (TL) per US$1--2,873.9 (Decem