d less than a 2%
increase in 1986. Recovery was strong based on rising demand for
Singapore's products in OECD countries and improved competitiveness of
domestic manufactures. The economy grew 8.3% in 1990. Singapore's
position as a major oil refining and services center helped it weather
the Persian Gulf crisis.

_#_GDP: $34.6 billion, per capita $12,700; real growth rate 8.3%
(1990)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.4% (1990)

_#_Unemployment rate: 1.7% (1990)

_#_Budget: revenues $8.0 billion; expenditures $7.2 billion,
including capital expenditures of $2.4 billion (FY90 est.)

_#_Exports: $52.5 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities--includes transshipments to Malaysia--petroleum
products, rubber, electronics, manufactured goods;

partners--US 21%, EC 14%, Malaysia 13%, Japan 9%

_#_Imports: $60.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990);

commodities--includes transshipments from Malaysia--capital
equipment, petroleum, chemicals, manufactured goods, foodstuffs;

partners--Japan 20%, US 16%, Malaysia 14%, EC 13%

_#_External debt: $3.9 billion (1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 9% (1990 est.); accounts
for 29% of GDP (1989)

_#_Electricity: 4,000,000 kW capacity; 14,400 million kWh produced,
5,300 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: petroleum refining, electronics, oil drilling
equipment, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and
beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, financial services,
biotechnology

_#_Agriculture: occupies a position of minor importance in the
economy; self-sufficient in poultry and eggs; must import much of other
food; major crops--rubber, copra, fruit, vegetables

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $590
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $882 million

_#_Currency: Singapore dollar (plural--dollars);
1 Singapore dollar (S$) = 100 cents

_#_Exchange rates: Singapore dollars per US$1--1.7454 (January 1991),
1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988), 2.1060 (1987), 2.1774
(1986), 2.2002 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March

_*_Communications
_#_Railroads: 38 km of 1.000-meter gauge

_#_Highways: 2,597 km total (1984)

_#_Ports: Singapore

_#_Merchant marine: 435 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,259,085
GRT/13,553,438 DWT; includes 1 passenger-cargo, 121 cargo, 66 container,
6 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 11 refrigerated cargo, 18 vehic