ns of the world is smoking so common
as in Peru. The rich as well as the poor, the old man as
well as the boy, the master as well as the servant, the lady
as well as the negroes who wait on her, the young maiden as
well as the mother--all smoke and never cease smoking,
except when eating, or sleeping, or in church. Social
distinctions are as numerous and as marked in Peru as
anywhere else, and there is the most exclusive pride of
color and of blood. But differences of color and of rank are
wholly disregarded when a light for a cigar is requested, a
favor which it is not considered a liberty to ask, and which
it would be deemed a gross act of incivility to refuse. It
is chiefly cigarritos which are smoked.

"The cigarrito, as is well known, is tobacco cut fine and
dexterously wrapped in moist maize leaves, in paper, or in
straw. Only the laborers on the plantations smoke small clay
pipes. Dearer than the cigarritos are the cigars, which are
not inferior to the best Havanna. Everywhere are met the
cigarrito-twisters. Cleverly though they manipulate,
cleanliness is not their besetting weakness. But in Peru,
and in other parts of South America, cleanliness is not held
in more esteem than in Portugal and Spain."

The Turks have long been noted as among the largest consumers of
tobacco as well as using the most magnificent of smoking implements.
The hookah is in all respects the most expensive and elaborate machine
(for so it may be called) used for smoking tobacco. A traveler gives
the following graphic description of smoking among them:

[Illustration: Turk smoking.]

"As each man smokes only out of his own pipe, it is not
surprising that this instrument is an indispensable
accompaniment of every person of rank. Men of the higher
classes keep two or three servants to attend to their pipes.
While one looks after things at home, the other has to
accompany his master in his walks and rides. The long stem
is on such occasions packed in a finely embroidered cloth
cover, while the bowl, tobacco, and other accessories are
carried by the servant in a pouch at his side. A stranger in
Constantinople will often regard with curiosity and
surprise, a proud Osmanli on foot or horseback, followed by
an attendant who, through the long, carefully-packed
instrument wh