that it
will be all the same a hundred years hence!'"
Further on he
alludes to the attempt to subjugate New Amsterdam to the British crown
and the effect produced by the burghers lighting their pipes.
"When"
he says "Captain Argol's vessel hove in sight, the worthy
burghers were seized with such a panic, that they fell to
smoking their pipes with astonishing vehemence, insomuch
that they quickly raised a cloud, which, combining with the
surrounding woods and marshes, completely enveloped and
concealed their beloved village; and overhung the fair
regions of Pavonia:--so that the terrible Captain Argol
passed on, totally unsuspicious that a sturdy little Dutch
settlement lay snugly couched in the mud, under cover of all
this pestilent vapor."

[Illustration: A Persian water pipe.]

The Persians[52] are said to be the first to invent the mode of
drawing tobacco smoke through water thereby cooling it before inhaling
it. Fairholt says "it is to smoking what ice is to Champagne." The
_London Review_ gives the following description of pipes and smoking
apparatus:

[Footnote 52: Sandys, writing in 1610 narrates a Persian
legend to the effect that Shiraz tobacco was given by a
holy man to a virtuous youth, disconsolate at the loss
of his loving wife. "Go to thy wife's tomb," said the
anchorite, "and there thou wilt find a weed. Pluck it,
place it in a reed, and inhale the smoke, as you put
fire to it. This will be to you wife, mother, father and
brother," continued the holy man, in Homeric strain,
"and above all, will be a wise counsellor, and teach thy
soul wisdom and thy spirit joy."]

"The hookah of India is the most splendid and glittering of
all pipes; it is a large affair, on account of the
arrangements for causing the smoke to pass through water
before it reaches the lips of the smoker, as a means of
rendering it cooler and of extracting from it much of its
rank and disagreeable flavor.

"On the top of an air-tight vessel, half filled with water,
is a bowl containing tobacco; a small tube descends from the
bowl into the water, and a flexible pipe, one end of which