f tobacco of the same
quality.

[Illustration: A Tchuktchi pipe.]

The Russians also are great lovers of the weed. A writer says:--

"Everybody smokes, men, women, and children. They smoke
Turkish tobacco, rolled in silk paper--seldom cigars or
pipes. These rolls are called parporos. The ladies almost
all smoke, but they smoke the small, delicate sizes of
parporos, while the gentlemen smoke larger ones. Always at
morning, noon and night, comes the inevitable box of
parporos, and everybody at the table smokes and drinks their
coffee at the same time. On the cars are fixed little cups
for cigar ashes in every seat. Ladies frequently take out
their part parporos, and hand them to the gentlemen with a
pretty invitation to smoke. Instead of having a smoking car
as we do, they have a car for those who are so 'pokey' as
not to smoke."

Throughout the German States the custom of smoking is universal and
tobacco enters largely into their list of expenditures. A writer says
of smoking in Austria:--

"We have been rather surprised to find so few persons
smoking pipes in Austria. Indeed, a pipe is seldom seen
except among the laboring classes. The most favorite mode of
using the weed here is in cigarettes, almost every gentleman
being provided with a silver box, in which they have Turkish
tobacco and small slips of paper, with mucilage on them
ready for rolling. They make them as they use them, and are
very expert in the handling of the tobacco. The chewing of
tobacco is universally repudiated, being regarded as the
height of vulgarity. The Turkish tobacco is of fine flavor,
and commands high prices. It is very much in appearance like
the fine cut chewing tobacco so extensively used at home."

The cigars made by the Austrian Government, which are the only
description to be had are very inferior, and it is not to be wondered
that the cigarette is so generally used in preference.

The smoking of cigarettes by the ladies is quite common, especially
among the higher classes. In no part of the world is smoking so common
as in South America; here all classes and all ages use the weed.
Smoking is encouraged in the family and the children are early taught
the custom. A traveler who has observed this custom more particularly
than any other, says of the use of tobacco in Peru:--

"Scarcely in any regio