ing porcelain. It is
intensely hard, and successfully resists the edge of the
finest-tempered knife. The length of the base is five
inches; breadth of the same one inch and a-quarter. The bowl
is one inch and a-quarter high, slightly tapering upwards,
but flaring near the top. The hollow of the bowl is
six-tenths of an inch in diameter. The perforation answering
to the tube is one-sixth of an inch in diameter, which is
about the usual size. This circumstance places it beyond
doubt that the mouth was applied directly to the implement,
without the intervention of a tube of wood or metal."

[Illustration: Indian pipe.]

This is an account of a simple pipe, with a small bowl; but most of
the pipes found in the mounds are highly ornamented with elaborate
workmanship, representing animals such as the beaver, otter, bear,
wolf, panther, raccoon, squirrel, wild-cat, manotee, eagle, hawk,
heron, swallow, paroquet, etc. One of the most interesting of the
spirited sculptures of animal forms to be found on the mound pipes, is
the representation of the Lamantin, or Manotee, a cetacean found only
in tropical waters, and the nearest place which they at present
frequent is the coast of Florida--at least a thousand miles away.
According to Sir John Lubbock, these are no rude sculptures, for the
characteristics of the animal are all distinctly marked, rendering its
recognition complete. Many modern Indians are possessed of a wonderful
aptitude for sculpture, and they appear to gladly exchange their work
for the necessaries of life.

The material most prized for the purpose of pipe-making is the
beautiful red pipe-stone of the Coteau des Prairies, which is an
indurated aluminous stone, highly colored with red oxide of iron. It
is frequently called "Catlinite," out of compliment to George Catlin,
the distinguished collector of Indian traditions, who claims to be the
first European that ever visited the Red Pipe-stone Quarry, which is
situated amongst the upper waters of Missouri. Catlin gives the
following legend as the Indian version of the birth of the mysterious
red pipe:--

"The Great Spirit, at an ancient period, here called
together the Indian warriors, and standing on the precipice
of the red pipe-stone rock, broke from its wall a piece, and
made a huge pipe by turning it in his hand, which he smoked
over them, and to the north, the south, the east and