from the local
facilities they possess for a suitable material from which
to construct them; and in part also from the special style
of art and decoration which has become the traditional usage
of the tribes. The favorite red pipe-stone of the Coteau des
Prairies, has been generally sought after, both from its
easiness of working and the beauty of its appearance. A pipe
of this favorite and beautiful material, found on the shores
of Lake Simcoe, and now in my possession, measures five
inches and three-quarters in length, and nearly four inches
in greatest breadth, yet the capacity of the bowl hollowed
in it for the reception of tobacco is even less than in the
smallest of the "Elfin Pipes." In contrast to this, a modern
Winnebago pipe recently acquired by me, made of the same red
pipe-stone, inlaid with lead, and executed with ingenious
skill, has a bowl of large dimensions illustrative of Indian
smoking usages modified by the influence of the white man.
From the red pipe-stone, as well as from the lime stone and
other harder rocks, the Chippeways, the Winnebagos, and the
Sioux, frequently make a peculiar class of pipes, inlaid
with lead.

"The Chincok and Puget Sound Indians, who evince little
taste in comparison with the tribes surrounding them, in
ornamenting their persons or their warlike and domestic
implements, commonly use wooden pipes. Sometimes these are
elaborately carved, but most frequently they are rudely and
hastily made for immediate use; and even among these remote
tribes of the flat head Indians, the common clay pipe of the
fur trader begins to supersede such native arts. Among the
Assinaboin Indians a material is used in pipe manufacture
altogether peculiar to them. It is a fine marble, much too
hard to admit of minute carving, but taking a high polish.
This is cut into pipes of graceful form, and made so
extremely thin, as to be almost transparent, so that when
lighted the glowing tobacco shines through, and presents a
singular appearance when in use at night or in a dark lodge.
Another favorite material employed by the Assinaboin Indians
is a coarse species of jasper also too hard to admit of
elaborate ornamentation."

This also is cut into various simple but tasteful designs, executed
chiefly by the slow and