id's, says that he had refused
to separate the clergy of his diocese from their concubines, giving
publicly as his reason, "for then I your bishop should lose the 400
marks which I receive yearly in my diocese for the priests' lemans"
(Gascoigne, _Lib. Ver._ ed. Rogers, p. 36). Even Sir Thomas More, in
his polemic against the Reformers, admitted that this concubinage was
too often tolerated in Wales (_English Works_, ed. 1557, p. 231, cf.
619).

[17] One of Dr Lea's few serious mistakes is his acceptance of the
spurious pamphlet in favour of priestly marriage which was attributed
in the 11th century to St Ulrich of Augsburg (i. 171).

[18] Janssen, _Gesch. d. deutschen Volkes_, 13th ed., vol. viii. pp.
423, 4, 9; 434; Lea ii. 195, 204. ff.

[19] Lea (ii. 339. ff.) gives a long series of quotations to this
effect from church synods and orthodox disciplinary writers of modern
times.

[20] Havelock Ellis, _A Study of British Genius_ (London, 1904, p.
80), "Even if we compare the church with the other professions with
which it is most usually classed, we find that the eminent children
of the clergy considerably outnumber those of lawyers, doctors and
army officers put together." Mr Ellis points put, however, that "the
clerical profession ... also produces more idiots than any other
class."

CELL (from Lat. _cella_, probably from an Indo-European _kal_--seen in
Lat. _celare_, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat.
_cera_, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb), in
its earliest application a small detached room in a building,
particularly a small monastic house (see ABBEY), generally in the
country, belonging to large conventual buildings, and intended for
change of air for the monks, as well as places to reside in to look
after the lands, vassals, &c. Thus Tynemouth was a cell to St Albans;
Ashwell, Herts, to Westminster Abbey. The term was also used of the
small sleeping apartments of the monks, or a small apartment used by the
anchorite or hermit. This use still survives in the application to the
small separate chambers in a prison (q.v.) in which prisoners are
confined. The word is applied to various small compartments which build
up a compound structure such as a honeycomb, to the minute compartments
in a tissue, &c. More particularly the word is used, in electrical
science, of the single cons