foliaceous
condition. Moquin also alludes to a case of the same nature in _Cortusa
Mathioli_, in which the funiculi bore little rounded leaves. Brongniart
has described some malformations of _Primula sinensis_ in which the
ovules were transformed wholly or partially into small leaves with three
to five lobes.[269] Dr. Marchand[270] mentions similar changes in
_Anagallis arvensis_ and _Lonicera Periclymenum_.

Cramer[271] figures ovules of _Primula sinensis_ in the form of stalked
leaves, often becoming infolded at the margins, and giving origin to a
small nucleus on their inner surface.

M. Tassi[272] records an instance in _Symphytum officinale_ wherein the
ovules were replaced by two small linear leaves arising entirely from
the axis, and not from the carpels.

In most of the foregoing illustrations the foliar portion of the ovule
must have been independent of the carpel; this independence is less
manifest, though probably as real in the cases now to be mentioned. In
_Sinapis_ and in _Brassica oleracea_ foliaceous ovules may occasionally
be seen, attached to the placenta by long stalks. No trace of the
nucleus is visible in these specimens.

[Illustration: FIG. 140.--_Sinapis_, replum and ovules; the dotted line
shows the position of the carpels.]

Griffith, in alluding to a similar case in _Sinapis_,[273] describes the
ovules as foliaceous, and having their backs turned away from the axis,
the raphe being next to the axis and representing the midrib the funicle
corresponding to the petiole. The outer tegument of the ovule, according
to Griffith, is a leaf united along its margins, but always more or less
open at its apex. No inversion can, therefore, really take place in
anatropous ovules, but the blade of the leaf is bent back on the
funicle, with which its margins also cohere.

Caspary, in an elaborate paper on phyllomorphy occurring in _Trifolium
repens_, figures foliaceous ovules springing from the edge of an open,
leafy carpel. The nucleus of the ovule, in these cases, appears to
originate as a little bud from the surface of the leafy ovule (figs.
141, 142).

[Illustration: FIG. 141.--Leafy ovules, &c., _Trifolium repens_.]

In a species of _Triumfetta_ (see p. 260), of which I examined dried
specimens, the ovary was open and partly foliaceous; it bore on its
infolded margins ten erect leaflets, representing so many ovules; each
leaflet was conduplicate, the back being turned towards the placenta.

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