nder the notice of the British Association at
Birmingham in 1849 by Mr. R. Austen, in some of which the
petals and stamens even were represented by leaves.

Although, on the whole, chloranthy is most frequent in the families
already alluded to, yet it is by no means confined to them, as the
examples now to be given amply show. Specimens of _Nymphaea Lotus_ have
been seen in which all the parts of the flower, even to the stigmas,
were leafy, while the ovules were entirely wanting.

Planchon[288] figures and describes a flower of _Drosera intermedia_
that had passed into a chloranthic condition, excepting the calyx, which
was unchanged; the petals, like the valves of the ovary, were provided
with stipules, and were circinate in vernation.

M. A. Viaud-Grand-Marais[289] records an interesting example of
chloranthy, in which the sepals, petals, pistils, and ovules of
_Anagallis arvensis_ were all foliaceous. Similar changes have not
unfrequently been met with in _Dictamnus Fraxinella_.

M. Germain de Saint Pierre has also recorded the following deviations in
the flowers of _Rumex arifolius_ and _R. scutatus_; in these specimens
the calyx was normal, the petals large, foliaceous, shaped like the
stem-leaves, the stamens were absent, the three carpels fused into a
triangular leafy pod, as long again as the perianth, the stigmas normal
or wanting, the ovule represented by a thick funicle, terminated by a
foliaceous appendage analogous to the primine.[290]

In grasses it frequently happens that the flowers are replaced by
leaf-buds; this condition is alluded to elsewhere under the head of
viviparous grasses, but in this place may be mentioned a less degree of
change, and which seems to have been a genuine case of chloranthy in
_Glyceria fluitans_, the spikelet of which, as observed by Wigand,[291]
consisted below of the ordinary unchanged glumes, but the remaining
paleae as well as the lodicles and stamens were represented by ligulate
leaves. The plant, it is stated, was affected by a parasitic fungus. On
the other hand, General Munro, in his valuable monograph of the
_Bambusaceae_,[292] refers to an illustration in which "the lowest glumes
generally, and the lowest paleae occasionally, had the appearance of
miniature leaves, with vaginae, ligules and cilia, enveloping, however,
perfect fertile spiculae; as progress is made towards the top of the
spike, the ligule first, then the cilia, and finally, the leaf-like