for him
the lasting friendship of his teacher, Alberto Lista.
At an early age he became a member of a radical secret
society, Los Numantinos. Sent into exile to a monastery in
Guadalajara, he there composed the fragmentary heroic poem
_Pelayo_. After his release he went to Lisbon and then to
London. Enamored of Teresa, though another's wife, he fled
with her to Paris, where he took an active part in the
revolution of 1830. Espronceda returned to Spain in 1833,
and engaged in journalism and politics. Worn out by his
tempestuous life, he died at the early age of thirty-four
years.

See _Introduction_, p. xxxvii; E. Rodriguez Solis,
_Espronceda, su tiempo, su vida y sus obras_, Madrid,
1883; Blanco Garcia, I, 154-171; Juan Valera,
_Florilegio_, V, 197-207; Antonio Corton, _Espronceda_,
Madrid, 1906; Philip H. Churchman, _Espronceda's Blanca
de Borbon, Revue hisp._, 1907; and _Byron and Espronceda,
ibid._, 1909. For his poems, see _Obras poeticas_, in the
_Biblioteca amena e instructiva_, Barcelona, 1882; _Obras
poeticas y escritos en prosa, coleccion ordenada por D.
Patricio de la Escosura_, Madrid, 1884.

=79.=--Jose de Zorrilla (1817-1893) was born in
Valladolid. After receiving his secondary education in the
Jesuit Semanario de Nobles he began the study of law;
but he soon turned to the more congenial pursuit of
belles-lettres. In 1855 he went to Mexico where he resided
eleven years. Though a most productive writer, Zorrilla
spent most of his life in penury until, in his old age, he
received from the government an annual pension of 30,000
reales. He became a member of the Spanish Academy in 1885,
and four years later he was "crowned" in Granada. page 273
Zorrilla died in Madrid in his seventy-sixth year.

See _Introduction_, p. xxxvii; an autobiography,
_Recuerdos del tiempo viejo_, 3 vols.; Fernandez
Florez, _D. Jose Zorrilla_, in _Autores dramaticos
contemporaneos_, 1881, vol. I; Blanco Garcia, I, 197-216;
Juan Valera, _Florilegio_, V, 258-270. For his works, see
_Poesias_, 8 vols., Madrid, 1838-1840; _Obras_, edition
Baudry, 3 vols., Paris, 1852; _Poesias escogidas_,
published by the Academia de la lengua, Madrid, 1894;
_Obras dramaticas y liricas_, Madrid, 1895.

=85.=--10. =Fantasmas= = _como fantasmas_.

=86.=--=A Buen Juez Mejor Testigo=, _A Good Judge, But a
Better Witness_. In Berceo's _Milagros de Nuestra Senora_
there is a similar legend of a crucifix summoned as
witness.

=91.=-