an Jewish theories, and that recourse to the
developed gnosticism of the 2nd century is unnecessary. (3) As to the
Christology of the author, it is replied that it does not go beyond what
we have already in Paul except in emphasis, which itself is occasioned
by the circumstances. What is implicit in _Corinthians_ is explicit in
_Colossians_. H. J. Holtzmann (1872) subjected both _Colossians_ and
_Ephesians_ to a rigorous examination, and found in _Colossians_ at
least a nucleus of Pauline material. H. von Soden (1885), with
well-considered principles of criticism, made a similar examination and
found a much larger nucleus, and later still, (1893), in his commentary,
reduced the non-Pauline material to a negligible minimum. Harnack,
Julicher and McGiffert, however, agree with Lightfoot, Weiss, Zahn (and
early tradition) in holding that the letter is wholly Pauline--a
position which is proving more and more acceptable to contemporary
scholarship.

AUTHORITIES.--In addition to the literature already mentioned, see the
articles of Sanday on "Colossians" and Robertson on "Ephesians" in
Smith's _Bible Dictionary_ (2nd ed., 1893), and the article of A.
Julicher on "Colossians and Ephesians" in the _Encyclopaedia Biblica_
(1899); the Introductions of H. J. Holtzmann (1892), B. Weiss (1897),
Th. Zahn (1900) and Julicher (1906); the histories of the apostolic
age by C. von Weizsacker (1892), A. C. M'Giffert (1897) and O.
Pfleiderer (_Urchristentum_, 1902); and the commentaries of J. B.
Lightfoot (1875), H. von Soden (1893) T. K. Abbott (1897), E. Haupt
(1902), Peake (1903) and P. Ewald (1905). (J. E. F.)

COLOSSUS, in antiquity a term applied generally to statues of great size
(hence the adjective "colossal"), and in particular to the bronze statue
of the sun-god Helios in Rhodes, one of the wonders of the world, made
from the spoils left by Demetrius Poliorcetes when he raised the siege
of the city. The sculptor was Chares, a native of Lindus, and of the
school of Lysippus, under whose influence the art of sculpture was led
to the production of colossal figures by preference. The work occupied
him twelve years, it is said, and the finished statue stood 70 cubits
high. It stood near the harbour ([Greek: epi limeni]), but at what point
is not certain. When, and from what grounds, the belief arose that it
had stood across the entrance to the harbour, with a beacon light in its
hand and ships passing b