r from Constantinople to his
friend Mario Schipano at Venice that when he returns he will bring
with him some coffee, which he believes "is a thing unknown in his
native country."

1615--Coffee is introduced into Venice.

1616--The first coffee is brought from Mocha to Holland by Pieter
Van dan Broecke.

1620--Peregrine White's wooden mortar and pestle (used for
"braying" coffee) is brought to America on the Mayflower by White's
parents.

1623-27--Francis Bacon, in his _Historia Vitae et Mortis_ (1623),
speaks of the Turks' "caphe"; and in his _Sylva Sylvarum_ (1627)
writes: "They have in Turkey a drink called _coffa_ made of a berry
of the same name, as black as soot, and of a strong scent ... this
drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth digestion."

1625--Sugar is first used to sweeten coffee in Cairo.

1632--Burton in his _Anatomy of Melancholy_ says: "The Turks have a
drink called _coffa_, so named from a berry black as soot and as
bitter."

1634--Sir Henry Blount makes a voyage to the Levant, and is invited
to drink "cauphe" in Turkey.

1637--Adam Olearius, German traveler and Persian scholar, visits
Persia (1633-39); and on his return tells how in this year he
observed that the Persians drink _chawa_ in their coffee houses.

1637--Coffee drinking is introduced into England by Nathaniel
Conopios, a Cretan student at Balliol College, Oxford.

1640--Parkinson, in his _Theatrum Botanicum_, publishes the first
botanical description of the coffee plant in English--referred to
as "_Arbor Bon cum sua Buna_. The Turkes Berry Drinke."

1640--The Dutch merchant, Wurffbain, offers for sale in Amsterdam
the first commercial shipment of coffee from Mocha.

1644--Coffee is introduced into France at Marseilles by P. de la
Roque, who brought back also from Constantinople the instruments
and vessels for making it.

1645--Coffee comes into general use in Italy.

1645--The first coffee house is opened in Venice.

1647--Adam Olearius publishes in German his _Persian Voyage
Description_, containing an account of coffee manners and customs
in Persia in 1633-39.

1650[L]--Varnar, Dutch minister resident at the Ottoman Porte,
publishes a treatise on coffee.

1650[L]--The individual hand-turned metal (tin-pl