for it
appear to be more carefully chosen and prepared. In the inner tent the
women go nearly naked, only with quite short under-trousers of skin or
_calico_ or a narrow _cingulum pudicitiae_ On the naked body there are
worn besides one or two leather bands on one arm, a leather band on the
throat, another round the waist, and some bracelets of iron or less
frequently of copper on the wrists. The younger women however do not
like to show themselves in this dress to foreigners, and they therefore
hasten at their entrance to cover the lower part of the body with the
_pesk_, or some other piece of dress that may be at hand.

[Illustration: CHUKCH FACE TATTOOING. (After a drawing by A.
Stuxberg.) ]

[Illustration: CHUKCH CHILDREN.
_a._ Girl from Irgunnuk. (After a photograph by L. Palander.)
_b._ Boy from Pitlekaj, with his mother's hood on.
(After a drawing by the seaman Hansson.) ]

When the children are some years old they get the same dress as
their parents, different for boys and girls. While small they are
put into a wide skin covering with the legs and arms sewed together
downwards. Behind there is a four-cornered opening through which
moss (the white, dead part of Sphagnum), intended to absorb the
excreta, is put in and changed. At the ends of the arms two loops
are fastened, through which the child's legs are passed when the
mother wishes to put it away in some corner of the tent. The dress
itself appears not to be changed until it has become too small. In
the inner tent the children go completely naked.

[Illustration: SNOW SHOES.
_a._ The common kind.
_b._ Intended to be used in the way shown in the drawing on the
opposite page. (One-thirteenth of the natural size.) ]

Both men and women use snow-shoes during winter. Without them they
will not willingly undertake any long walk in loose snow. They
consider such a walk so tiresome, that they loudly commiserated one
of my crew, who had to walk without snow-shoes after drifting
weather from the village Yinretlen to the vessel, about three
kilometres distant. Finally a woman's compassion went so far that
she presented him with a pair, an instance of generosity on the part
of our Chukch friends which otherwise was exceedingly rare. The
frame of the snow-shoes is made of wood, the cross-pieces are of
strong and well-stretched thongs. This snow-shoe corresponds
completely with that of the Indians, and is exceedingly serviceable
and easy to get ac