inner tent, is accordingly dry and clean.
Even the outer tent is swept clean and free from loose snow, and the
snow is daily shovelled away from the tent doors with a spade of
whalebone. Every article both in the outer and inner tent is laid in
its proper place, and so on.

[Illustration: _a._ HUNTING CUP (sucking tube)
(One-fourth of the natural size.)
_b._ SNOW SCRAPER. (One-eighth of the natural size.) ]

As ornaments glass beads are principally used, some of them being
suspended from the neck and ears, others sewed upon the hood and
other articles of dress, or plaited into the hair embroidery of very
pleasing patterns is also employed. In order to embellish the
_pesks_ strips of skin or marmots' and squirrels' tails, &c., are
sewed upon them. Often a variegated artificial tail of different
skins is fixed to the hood behind, or the skin of the hood is so
chosen that the ears of the animal project on both sides of the
head. Along with the beads are fixed amulets, wooden tongs, small
bone heads or bone figures, pieces of metal, coins, &c. One child
had suspended from its neck an old Chinese coin with a square hole
in the middle, together with a new American five-cent piece.

[Illustration: CHUKCH WEAPONS AND HUNTING IMPLEMENTS.
1. Harpoon (one-fifteenth of the natural size).
2. Spear found at a grave (one-fourth).
3. Bird sling (one-eighth).
4. Darts with whipsling for casting them (one-seventh).
5. Bird Dart with wooden handle for throwing (one-twelfth).
6. Leister of bone (one-fourth).
7. Ivory coat of mail (one-ninth). ]

[Illustration: CHUKCH BOW AND QUIVER.
(One-eighth of the natural size.) ]

In former times beautiful and good weapons were probably highly
prized by so warlike a people as the Chukches, but now weapons are
properly scarce antiquities, which, however, are still regarded with
a certain respect, and therefore are not readily parted with. The
lance which was found beside the corpse (fig. 2 on p. 105) shows by
its still partially preserved gold decorations that it had been
forged by the hand of an artist. Probably it has formed part of the
booty won long ago in the fights with the Cossacks. I procured by
barter an ivory coat of mail (fig. 7 on p. 105), and remains of
another. The ivory plates of the coat of mail are twelve centimetres
in length, four in breadth, and nearly one in thickness, holes being
bored at their edges for the leather thongs by which the plates are
bound together