y the side of corpses in old Eskimo graves in
north-western Greenland. ]

[Footnote 287: In the accounts which were collected regarding the
Chukches at Anadyrsk in the beginning of the eighteenth century, it
is also stated that they lived without any government On the
contrary, in M. von Krusenstern's _Voyage autour du monde,
1803-1806_ (Paris, 1821, ii. p. 151), a report of Governor
Koscheleff is given on some negotiations which he had with a "chief
of the whole Chukch nation". I take it for granted that the
chiefship was of little account, and Koscheleff's whole sketch of
his meeting with the supposed chief bears an altogether too lively
European romantic stamp to be in any degree true to nature. At the
same place it is also said that a brother of Governor Koscheleff, in
the winter of 1805-1806, made a journey among the Chukches, on
which, after his return, he sent a report, accompanied by a Chukch
vocabulary, to von Krusenstern. ]

[Footnote 288: The originals of the drawings reproduced in the
woodcuts are made on paper, part with the lead pencil, part with red
ochre. The different groups represent _on the first page_--1, a
dog-team; 2, 3, whales; 4, hunting the Polar bear and the walrus; 5,
bullhead and cod; 6, man fishing; 7, hare-hunting; 8, birds; 9,
wood-chopper; 10, man leading a reindeer; 11, walrus hunt--7 and 9
represent Europeans. _On the second page_--1, a reindeer train; 2, a
reindeer taken with a lasso by two men; 3, a man throwing a harpoon;
4, seal hunt from boat; 5, bear hunt; 6, the man in the moon; 7, man
leading a reindeer; 8, reindeer; 9, Chukch with staff and an archer;
10, reindeer with herd; 11, reindeer; 12, two tents, man riding on a
dog sledge, &c. ]

CHAPTER XIII.

The development of our knowledge of the north coast of Asia--
Herodotus--Strabo--Pliny--Marco Polo--Herberstein's map--
The conquest of Siberia by the Russians--Deschnev's voyages--
Coast navigation between the Lena and the Kolyma--Accounts of
islands in the Polar Sea and old voyages to them--
The discovery of Kamchatka--The navigation of the Sea of Okotsk
is opened by Swedish prisoners-of-war--The Great Northern
Expedition--Behring--Schalaurov--Andrejev's Land--The New
Siberian islands--Hedenstroem's expeditions--Anjou and Wrangel
--Voyages from Behring's Straits westward--Fictitious Polar
voyages.

Now that the north-eastern promontory of Asia has been at last
circumn