is warmer, is preferred as material for the
winter dress. The men in winter are clad in two _pesks_, that which
is worn next the body is of thin skin with the hair inwards, the
outer is of thick skin with the hair outwards. Besides, they wear,
when it rains or wet snow falls, a great coat of gut or of cotton
cloth, which they call _calico_. On one occasion I saw such an
overcoat made of a kind of reindeer-chamois leather, which was of
excellent quality and evidently of home manufacture. It had been
originally white, but was ornamented with broad brown painted
borders. Some red and blue woollen shirts which we gave them were
also worn above the skin clothes, and by then showy colours awakened
great satisfaction in the owners. The Chukch _pesk_ is shorter than
the Lapp one. It does not reach quite to the knees, and is confined
at the waist with a belt. Under the _pesk_ are worn two pairs of
trousers, the inner pair with the hair inwards, and the outer with
the hair outwards. The trousers are well made, close fitting, and
terminate above the foot. The foot-covering consists of reindeer or
seal-skin moccasins, which above the foot are fastened to the
trousers in the way common among the Lapps. The soles are of
walrus-skin or bear-skin, and have the hair side inwards. On the
other parts of the moccasin the hair is outwards. Within the shoes
are seal-skin stockings and hay. The head covering consists of a
hood embroidered with beads, over which in severe cold is drawn an
outer hood bordered with dog-skin. The outer hood is often quite
close under the chin, and extends in a very well-fitting way over
the shoulders. To a complete dress there also belong a skin
neckerchief or boa, and a neck covering of multiple reindeer-skins,
or of different kinds of skins sewn together in chess-board-like
squares. In summer and far into the autumn the men go bareheaded,
although they clip the hair on the crown of the head close to the
root.

During the warm season of the year a number of the winter wraps are
laid off in proportion to the increase of the heat, so that the
dress finally consists merely of a _pesk_, an overcoat, and a pair
of trousers. The summer moccassins are often as long in the leg as
our sea-boots. In the tent the men wear only short trousers reaching
to the hip, together with leather belts (health-belts) at the waist
and on the arms. The man's dress is not much ornamented. On the
other hand the men often wear strings of