f plans readily
turned round and reached his goal by a totally different path. He was
superstitious and peace-loving, had few personal wants, and is described
as a round-shouldered man of medium height, with black hair and beard,
and sallow cheeks.

His autobiography the "Vita Caroli IV.," which deals with events down
to the year 1346, and various other documents relating to his life and
times, are published in the _Fontes rerum Germanicarum_, Band I.,
edited by J.F. Bohmer (Leipzig, 1885). For other documents relating to
the time see _Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Kaiser Karl IV._,
edited by J.F. Bohmer and A. Huber (Innsbruck, 1889); _Acta Karoli IV.
imperatoris inedita_ (Innsbruck, 1891); E. Werunsky, _Excerpta ex
registris Clementis VI. et Innocentii VI._ (Innsbruck, 1885). See also
E. Werunsky, _Geschichte Kaiser Karls IV. und seiner Zeit_ (Innsbruck,
1880-1892); H. Friedjung, _Kaiser Karl IV. und sein Antheil am
geistigen Leben seiner Zeit_ (Vienna, 1876); A. Gottlob, _Karls IV.
private und politische Beziehungen zu Frankreich_ (Innsbruck, 1883);
O. Winckelmann, _Die Beziehungen Kaiser Karls IV. zum Konigreich
Arelat_ (Strassburg, 1882); K. Palm, "Zu Karls IV. Politik gegen
Baiern," in the _Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte_, Band XV.
(Gottingen, 1862-1866); Th. Lindner, "Karl IV. und die Wittelsbacher,"
and S. Stienherz, "Die Beziehungen Ludwigs I. von Ungarn zu Karl IV.,"
and "Karl IV. und die osterreichischen Freiheitsbriefe," in the
_Mittheilungen des Instituts fur osterreichische Geschichtsforschung_
(Innsbruck, 1880).

CHARLES V. (1500-1558), Roman emperor and (as CHARLES I.) king of Spain,
was born at Ghent on the 24th of February 1500. His parents were Philip
of Burgundy and Joanna, third child of Ferdinand and Isabella. Philip
died in 1506, and Charles succeeded to his Netherland possessions and
the county of Burgundy (Franche Comte). His grandfather, the emperor
Maximilian, as regent, appointed his daughter Margaret vice-regent, and
under her strenuous guardianship Charles lived in the Netherlands until
the estates declared him of age in 1515. In Castile, Ferdinand, king of
Aragon, acted as regent for his daughter Joanna, whose intellect was
already clouded. On the 23rd of January 1516 Ferdinand died. Charles's
visit to Spain was delayed until the autumn of 1517, and only in 1518
was he formally recognized as king conjointly with his mother, firstly