possessed a really fine knowledge, and his high appreciation of Titian
proves the purity of his feeling for art. The little collection of books
and pictures which he carried to Yuste is an index of his tastes.
Charles was undeniably plain. He confessed that he was by nature ugly,
but that as artists usually painted him uglier than he was, strangers on
seeing him were agreeably disappointed. The protruding lower jaw and the
thin pale face were redeemed by the fine open brow and the bright
speaking eyes. He was, moreover, well made, and in youth had an
incomparable leg. Above all no man could doubt his dignity; Charles was
every inch an emperor.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--_Commentaries de Charles-quint_, ed. by Baron Kervyn de
Lettenhove (Brussels, 1862); _Memoirs_ written by Charles in 1550, and
treating somewhat fully of the years 1543-1548; W. Robertson, _History
of the Emperor Charles V._ (latest ed., London, 1887), an English
classic, which needs supplementing by later authorities; F.A. Mignet,
_Rivalite de Francois I et de Charles-quint_ (2 vols., Paris, 1875);
E. Armstrong, _The Emperor Charles V._ (2 vols., London, 1902), to
which reference may be made for monographs and collections of
documents bearing on the reign; H. Baumgarten, _Geschichte Karls V._
(3 vols., Stuttgart, 1885-1893), very full but extending only to 1539;
G. de Leva, _Storia documentata di Carlo V. in correlazione all'
Italia_ (5 vols., Venice, 1862-1894), a general history of the reign,
though with special reference to its Italian aspects, and extending to
1552; article by L.P. Gachard in _Biographie nationale_, vol. iii.,
1872, an excellent compressed account. The life of Charles V. at Yuste
may be studied in L.P. Gachard's _Retraite et mort de Charles-quint au
monastere de Yuste_ (Brussels, 1854-1855), and in Sir W.
Stirling-Maxwell's _The Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles V._
(London, 4 editions from 1852); also in W.H. Prescott's edition of
Robertson's _History_ (1857). (E. Ar.)

CHARLES VI. (1685-1740), Roman emperor, was born on the 1st of October
1685 at Vienna. He was the second son of the emperor Leopold I. by his
third marriage with Eleanore, daughter of Philip William of Neuburg,
elector palatine of the Rhine. When the Spanish branch of the house of
Habsburg became extinct in 1700, he was put forward as the lawful heir
in opposition to Philip V., the Bourbon to whom the Spanish dominions
had