iven; _Charles II._, by O. Airy
(1904); _Life of Sir G. Savile_, by H.C. Foxcroft, and esp. Halifax's
_Character of Charles II._ printed in the appendix (1898); _The Essex
Papers_ (Camden Soc., 1890); _Despatches of W. Perwich_ (Royal Hist.
Soc. Pubtns., 1903); _History of England, of the Civil War_ and _of
the Commonwealth_, by S.R. Gardiner; _Hist. of Scotland_, by A. Lang,
vol. iii. (1904); Macaulay's _Hist, of England_, vol. i.; _Notes which
passed at Meetings of the Privy Council between Charles II. and the
Earl of Clarendon_ (Roxburghe Club, 1896); _A French Ambassador at the
Court of Charles II._, by J.J. Jusserand (1902); _The Story of Nell
Gwyn and the Sayings of Charles II._, by P. Cunningham, ed. by H.B.
Wheatley (1892); for his adventures and period of exile see _Memoiren
der Herzogin Sophie_, ed. by A. Kocher (1879); "Briefe der Elisabeth
Stuart," by A. Wendland (_Litterarischer Verein in Stuttgart_, No.
228); Memoirs of Cardinal de Retz, Mlle de Montpensier and Mme de
Motteville; _The King in Exile_, by E. Scott (1905); Scottish History
Pubtns. vols. 17 (_Charles II. in Scotland_, by S.R. Gardiner, 1894)
and 18 (_Scotland and the Commonwealth, 1651-1653_, ed. by C.H. Firth,
1895); _Charles II. in the Channel Islands_, by S.E. Hoskins (1854) i
_Boscobel_, by T. Blount, &c., ed. by C.G. Thomas (1894); _The Flight
of the King_ (1897) and _After Worcester Fight_ (1904), by A. Fea;
_Edinburgh Review_, (January 1894); _Eng. Hist. Rev._ xix. (1904) 363;
_Revue historique_, xxviii. and xxix.; _Art Journal_ (1889), p. 178
("Boscobel and Whiteladies," by J. Penderel-Brodhurst); _England under
Charles II._, by W.F. Taylor (1889), a collection of passages from
contemporary writers; and R. Crawfurd, _The Last Days of Charles II._
(1909). (P. C. Y.)

FOOTNOTE:

[1] _Mem. of Thomas, earl of Ailesbury_, p. 95.

CHARLES I. and II., kings of France. By the French, Charles the Great,
Roman emperor and king of the Franks, is reckoned the first of the
series of French kings named Charles (see CHARLEMAGNE). Similarly the
emperor Charles II. the Bald (q.v.) is reckoned as Charles II. of
France. In some enumerations the emperor Charles III. the Fat (q.v.) is
reckoned as Charles II. of France, Charlemagne not being included in the
list, and Charles the Bald being styled Charles I.

CHARLES III., the Simple (879-929), king of France, was a posthumous son
of