had to cope with feudal revolt, and with the
hostility of the dauphin, who was in open revolt in 1446, and for the
next ten years ruled like an independent sovereign in Dauphine. He took
refuge in 1457 with Charles's most formidable enemy, Philip of Burgundy.
Charles VII. nevertheless found means to prevent Philip from attaining
his ambitions in Lorraine and in Germany. But the dauphin succeeded in
embarrassing his father's policy at home and abroad, and had his own
party in the court itself. Charles VII. died at Mehun-sur-Yevre on the
22nd of July 1461. He believed that he was poisoned by his son, who
cannot, however, be accused of anything more than an eager expectation
of his death.

AUTHORITIES.--The history of the reign of Charles VII. has been
written by two modern historians,--Vallet de Viriville, _Histoire de
Charles VII ... et de son epoque_ (Paris, 3 vols., 1862-1865), and G.
du Fresne de Beaucourt, _Hist, de Charles VII_ (Paris, 6 vols.,
1881-1891). There is abundant contemporary material. The herald,
Jacques le Bouvier or Berry (b. 1386), whose _Chronicques du feu roi
Charles VII_ was first printed in 1528 as the work of Alain Chartier,
was an eye-witness of many of the events he described. His
_Recouvrement de Normandie_, with other material on the same subject,
was edited for the "Rolls" series (_Chronicles and Memorials_) by
Joseph Stevenson in 1863. The _Histoire de Charles VII_ by Jean
Chartier, historiographer-royal from 1437, was included in the
_Grandes Chroniques de Saint-Denis_, and was first printed under
Chartier's name by Denis Godefroy, together with other contemporary
narratives, in 1661. It was re-edited by Vallet de Viriville (Paris, 3
vols., 1858-1859). With these must be considered the Burgundian
chroniclers Enguerrand de Monstrelet, whose chronicle (ed. L. Douet
d'Arcq; Paris, 6 vols., 1857-1862) covers the years 1400-1444, and
Georges Chastellain, the existing fragments of whose chronicle are
published in his _OEuvres_ (ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove; Brussels, 8
vols., 1863-1866). For a detailed bibliography and an account of
printed and MS. documents see du Fresne de Beaucourt, already cited,
also A. Molinier, _Manuel de bibliographie historique_, iv. 240-306.

CHARLES VIII. (1470-1498), king of France, was the only son of Louis XI.
During the whole of his childhood Charles lived far from his father at
the chateau of Amboise, which was thr