Dumas the elder. Marguerite died shortly in prison; Jeanne was declared
innocent by the parlement and returned to her husband. Blanche was still
in prison when Charles became king. He induced Pope John XXII. to
declare the marriage null, on the ground that Blanche's mother had been
his godmother. Blanche died in 1326, still in confinement, though at the
last in the abbey of Maubuisson.

In 1322, freed from his first marriage, Charles married his cousin Mary
of Luxemburg, daughter of the emperor Henry VII., and upon her death,
two years later, Jeanne, daughter of Louis, count of Evreux. Charles IV.
died at Vincennes on the 1st of February 1328. He left no issue by his
first two wives to succeed him, and daughters only by Jeanne of Evreux.
He was the last of the direct line of Capetians.

See A. d'Herbomey, "Notes et documents pour servir a l'histoire des
rois fils de Philippe le Bel," in _Bibl. de l'Ecole des Chartes_ (lix.
pp. 479 seq. and 689 seq.); de Brequigny, "Memoire sur les differends
entre la France et l'Angleterre sous le regne de Charles le Bel," in
_Mem. de l'Acad. des Inscriptions_ (xli. pp. 641-692); H. Lot,
"Projets de crusade sous Charles le Bel et sous Philippe de Valois"
(_Bibl. de l'Ecole des Chartes_, xx. pp. 503-509); "Chronique
parisienne anonyme de 1316 a 1339 ..." ed. Hellot in _Mem. de la soc.
de l'hist. de Paris_ (xi., 1884, pp. 1-207).

CHARLES V. (1337-1380), king of France, called THE WISE, was born at the
chateau of Vincennes on the 21st of January 1337, the son of John II.
and Bonne of Luxemburg. In 1349 he became dauphin of the Viennois by
purchase from Humbert II., and in 1355 he was created duke of Normandy.
At the battle of Poitiers (1356) his father ordered him to leave the
field when the battle turned against the French, and he was thus saved
from the imprisonment that overtook his father. After arranging for the
government of Normandy he proceeded to Paris, where he took the title of
lieutenant of the kingdom. During the years of John II.'s imprisonment
in England Charles was virtually king of France. He summoned the
states-general of northern France (Langue d'oil) to Paris in October
1356 to obtain men and money to carry on the war. But under the
leadership of Etienne Marcel, provost of the Parisian merchants and
president of the third estate, and Robert le Coq, bishop of Laon,
president of the clergy, a partisan of Charles of Navarre, the states
refused an