an, _Chalmers on Charity_ (1900); T. Mackay, _Methods of
Social Reform_ (1896); B. Bosanquet and others, _Some Aspects of the
Social Problem_ (1894); and C.S. Loch, _Methods of Social Advance_
(1904), this point of view is generally assumed. Special
investigations of importance may be found in the reports of medical
officers of health. See Report of Committee on Physical Deterioration
referred to above, and, for instance, Dr Newsholme's _Vital
Statistics_ and Charles Booth's _Labour and Life in London_. For the
history of charity there is no good single work. On details there are
many good articles in Daremberg's _Dictionary of Classical
Antiquities_, and similar works. _Modern Methods of Charity_, by C.H.
Henderson and others (1904), supplies much general information in
regard to poor relief and charity in different countries. Apart from
books and official documents mentioned in the text as indicating the
present state of charitable and public relief, or as aids to practical
work, the following may be of service. England:--_Annual Charities'
Register and Digest, with Introduction on "How to help Cases of
Distress"_; the _Charity Organization Review; Occasional Papers_ (3
vols.), published by the London Charity Organization Society
(1896-1906); _Reports of Proceedings of Conferences of Poor-Law
Guardians; The Strength of the People_, by Helen Bosanquet; _Homes of
the London Poor_ and _Our Common Land_, by Miss Octavia Hill; _The
Queen's Poor_, by M. Loane. United States of America:--_The
Proceedings of the International Conference on Charities and
Correction_ (1894), and the proceedings of the annual conferences;
_Friendly Visiting among the Poor_, by Mary E. Richmond (1899);
_American Charities_, by Amos G. Warner (1908); _The Practice of
Charity_, by E.T. Devine; _Handworterbuch der Staatswissenschaften_,
by Dr J. Conrad, &c., vol. ii.; _Das Armenwesen in den Vereinigten
Staaten von America_, by Dr Francis G. Peabody (1897); the _Charities
Review_, published monthly by the New York Charity Organization
Society; the Papers and Reports of the Boston and Baltimore societies.
France:--_La Bibliographie charitable_, by Camille Granier (1891); _La
Charite avant et depuis 1789_, by P. Hubert Valleroux; Fascicules of
the _Conseil superieur de l'assistance publique, Revue d'assistance_,
published by the _Societe Internationale pour l'etude des questions
d'a