tination
invaded), and it appears that Tours has been a temporary centre for
civil correspondence undeliverable to parts of the country which have
been invaded (_Figs._ 158-160).

_Figs._ 161-168 represent various types of army postmarks, regimental
franks, etc., being used during the present campaign.

[Illustration: 167 168 163 164 165 166 167 168 169]

CHAPTER V.

RUSSIA--War Charity Stamps--Portraits of the Tsars--War Stamps
of 1914--Japan--War with China--The Empress Jingo--Triumphal
Military and Naval Reviews--Kiao-chow--Belgium--King
Albert--Bombardment of Malines--Private Postal
Service--Germanised Posts--Red Cross Stamps--Bogus
Stamps--Postmarks--Serbia--"Death Mask" Stamps--King
Peter--Montenegro--King Nicholas.

RUSSIA. The Empire of the Tsars has provided collectors with a few
stamps of philanthropic interest in connection with its wars. A set of
four denominations was issued in 1905 and sold at 3 kopecs per
stamp in excess of the face-value, this extra sum going to the fund
organised by the Imperial Women's Patriotic Union for the benefit of
orphans of soldiers and sailors who fell in the war with Japan. The
following are the descriptions of the stamps which were printed by the
Imperial Printing Office at St. Petersburg in the delicate colour
work for which that establishment is justly celebrated; the figure in
brackets denotes the price, in kopecs, charged for each, including the
3 kopecs charity contribution (_Figs._ 167-170):

3 (6) kopecs, red-brown, cerise, and yellow-green.

5 (8) " violet, red-lilac, and buff.

7 (10) " dark blue, pale blue, and rose.

10 (13) " dark blue, pale blue, and orange.

[Illustration: 170]

Normally the stamps are perforated 12 [x] 12-1/2, but the 3 (6) kopecs
exists perforated 13, 13-1/2; 11-1/2; and a compound of these two
measures. The 7 (10) and 10 (13) kopecs also exist perforated 13,
13-1/2. The stamps appear to have been designed by Richard Sarring,
an artist attached to the great printing works of the Russian
Government. The subjects represented are--

3 kopecs. Monument of Admiral Nachimoff at Sebastopol,
a hero who was wounded in the
Crimean War.

5 " Monument to two national heroes of the Tartar
dominion, Minin and Pascharski.

7 " Statue of Peter the Great.

10 " The Kremlin, with statue of Alexander II.