minations, 10,
20, and 40 paras, was issued to commemorate the recapture on July 22,
1913, of the fortress of Adrianople after the Balkan War. The design,
which was engraved in London, shows a view of the Mosque of Selim
(_Fig._ 281).

[Illustration: 280 281]

On January 15, 1914, a fine new set of London-printed stamps was
issued depicting a number of scenes in the Turkish Empire and a
portrait of H.M. Sultan Muhammed V. Incidentally some of the designs
are of warlike interest, notably the cruiser _Hamidieh_ on the 2
piastres (_Fig._ 272), Turkish War Office on the 5 piastres (_Fig._
274), and the forts of the Bosphorus on the 50 piastres (_Fig._ 277).

The vignettes of the full set of the 1914 issue are:

2 paras, mauve. Hippodrome Obelisk.
4 " sepia. Column of Constantine.
5 " purple-brown. The Seven Towers.
6 " deep blue. Leander's Tower.
10 " green. Fanaraki.
20 " scarlet. Castle of Europe.
1 piastre, bright blue. Sultan Ahmed Mosque.
1-1/2 " carmine and black. Martyr's Monument.
1-3/4 " grey and red-brown. Bathing Fountains of Salem.
2 piastres, green and black. Cruiser _Hamidieh_.
2-1/2 " orange and green. Candilli.
5 " deep lilac. Ministry of War.
10 " red-brown. Sweet Waters of Europe.
25 " dull yellow-green. Suleimanieh Mosque.
50 " rose. The Bosphorus.
100 " indigo. Sultan Ahmed's Fountain.
200 " green and black. Sultan Muhammed V.

[Illustration: 282 283]

In addition there were issued four postage due stamps, one bearing the
warlike "Arms" of Turkey, and the other the Thoughra, or sign-manual,
of Sultan Muhammed V. (_Figs._ 282, 283).

Already the present war, even before Turkey had on its part opened
hostilities, has produced an important effect upon the postal
arrangements of Turkey by the "abolition of the Capitulations" which
took effect on October 1, 1914. The various Powers interested in
Turkey have for many years maintained agencies of their own postal
administrations in Constantinople and other parts of the Turkish
Empire, and these, owing to the untrustworthiness of the Turkish
service, secured the bulk of the foreign correspondence both of
Europeans and Turks. Latterly, Turkey has been endeavouring to compete
more keenly with these rival post offices within its own dominions,
and they have sold specially earmarked stamps to business firms for